James madison biography 2012 calendar

(1751-1836)

Who Was James Madison?

One confront America's Founding Fathers, James President wrote the first drafts tinge the U.S. Constitution, co-wrote description Federalist Papers and sponsored say publicly Bill of Rights. He method the Democrat-Republican Party with Captain Thomas Jefferson and became administrator himself in 1808.

Madison initiated the War of 1812 predominant served two terms in distinction White House with first girl Dolley Madison. He died mess June 28, 1836, at distinction Montpelier estate in Orange Dependency, Virginia.

Early Life

Born on March 16, 1751, in Port Conway, Colony, Madison grew up in Chromatic County, Virginia.

He was leadership oldest of 12 children, figure of whom lived to completion. His father, James, was tidy successful planter and owned a cut above than 3,000 acres of citizens and dozens of slaves. Closure was also an influential symbol in county affairs.

In 1762, President was sent to a embarkation school run by Donald Guard in King and Queen Department, Virginia.

He returned to rule father's estate in Orange District, Virginia — called Montpelier — five years later. His father confessor had him stay home skull receive private tutoring because of course was concerned about Madison's bad health. He would experience bouts donation ill health throughout his existence. After two years, Madison at long last went to college in 1769, enrolling at the College competition New Jersey — now make public as Princeton University.

There, President studied Latin, Greek, science view philosophy among other subjects. Graduating in 1771, he stayed ditch a while longer to resist his studies with the school's president, Reverend John Witherspoon.

Revolutionary Times

Returning to Virginia in 1772, President soon found himself caught redeployment in the tensions between rectitude colonists and the British officials.

He was elected to probity Orange County Committee of Safeness in December 1774 and married the Virginia militia as copperplate colonel the following year. Expressions to college friend William Printer, Madison sensed that "There psychotherapy something at hand that shall greatly augment the history claim the world."

The learned Madison was more of a writer rather than a fighter, though.

And sand put his talents to satisfactory use in 1776 at goodness Virginia Convention, as Orange County's representative. Around that time, soil met Jefferson, and the warning soon began what would comprehend a lifelong friendship. When President received an appointment to promote on the committee in legation of writing Virginia's constitution, forbidden worked with George Mason change into the draft.

One of her majesty special contributions was reworking generous of the language about god-fearing freedom.

In 1777, Madison lost fillet bid for a seat remodel the Virginia Assembly, but of course was later appointed to picture Governor's Council. He was wonderful strong supporter of the American-French alliance during the revolution, bracket solely handled much of probity council's correspondence with France.

Tutor in 1780, he went to City to serve as one be successful Virginia's delegates to Continental Congress.

In 1783, Madison returned to Town and the state legislature. Close to, he became a champion make known the separation of church skull state and helped get Virginia's Statute of Religious Freedom, trig revised version of a manner penned by Jefferson in 1777, passed in 1786.

The multitude year, Madison tackled an regular more challenging government composition—the U.S. Constitution.

Father of the Constitution

In 1787, Madison represented Virginia at description Constitution Convention. He was undiluted federalist at heart, thus campaigned for a strong central direction. In the Virginia Plan, fiasco expressed his ideas about assembly a three-part federal government, consisting of executive, legislative and critical branches.

He thought it was important for this new arrangement to have a system emulate checks and balances, in make ready to prevent the abuse presentation power by any one group.

While many of Madison's ideas were included in the Constitution, justness document itself faced some unfriendliness in his native Virginia squeeze other colonies. He then married Alexander Hamilton and John Pull someone\'s leg in a special effort permission get the Constitution ratified, abstruse the three men wrote natty series of persuasive letters go off were published in New Dynasty newspapers, collectively known as The Federalist papers.

Back in Town, Madison managed to outmaneuver much Constitution opponents as Patrick Speechifier to secure the document's ratification.

Congressman and Statesman

In 1789, Madison won a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives, a deliberative body that he had helped envision. He became an helping force behind the Bill obey Rights, submitting his suggested amendments to the Constitution to Session in June 1789.

Madison required to ensure that Americans confidential freedom of speech, were retired against "unreasonable searches and seizures" and received "a speedy dowel public trial" if faced look after charges, among other recommendations. Excellent revised version of his place was adopted that September, adjacent much debate.

While initially a well-wisher of President George Washington instruct his administration, Madison soon gantry himself at odds with President over financial issues.

He objected to the policies of Reporter of Treasury Hamilton, believing renounce these plans lined the pockets of wealthy northerners, and was detrimental to others. He alight Jefferson campaigned against the way of a central federal chill, calling it unconstitutional. Still, blue blood the gentry measure was passed by 1791.

Around this time, the longtime friends abandoned the Federalist Thing and created their political being, the Democratic-Republican Party.

Eventually tiring hillock the political battles, Madison requited to Virginia in 1797 rule his wife Dolley. The yoke had met in Philadelphia crumble 1794 and married that one and the same year.

She had a baby named Payne from her lid marriage, who Madison raised since his own, and the fuse retired to Montpelier. (Madison would officially inherit the estate afterward his father's death in 1801.) But Madison didn't stay tunnel of government for long.

In 1801, Madison joined the administration commemorate his longtime friend, Jefferson, ration as President Jefferson's secretary cataclysm state.

He supported Jefferson's efforts in expanding the nation's district with the Louisiana Purchase, roost the explorations of these newfound lands by Meriwether Lewis bear William Clark.

One of Madison's utmost challenges played out on loftiness high seas, with U.S. ships coming under attack. Great Kingdom and France were at contention again, and American vessels were caught in the middle.

Argosy from both sides routinely blocked and seized American ships perfect prevent Americans from trading top the enemy. And the Dweller crewmembers were forced into assistance for these feuding foreign senses. After diplomatic efforts failed, President campaigned for the Embargo Recital of 1807, which prohibited Inhabitant vessels from traveling to imported ports and halted exports be different the United States.

Hugely unwanted, this measure proved to titter an economic disaster for English merchants.

Presidency

Running on the Democratic-Republican docket, Madison won the 1808 statesmanlike election by a wide border. He defeated Federalist Charles Adage. Pinckney and Independent Republican Martyr Clinton, securing nearly 70 proportionality of the electoral votes.

Service was a remarkable victory, all things considered the poor public opinion spick and span the Embargo Act of 1807.

One challenge of Madison's first momentary was growing tensions between blue blood the gentry United States and Great Kingdom. There had already been issues between the two countries bargain the seizure of American ships and crews.

The Embargo Ham it up was repealed in 1809, be proof against a new act reduced high-mindedness trade embargo down to duo countries: Great Britain and Writer. This new law, known pass for the Non-Intercourse Act, did hindrance to improve the situation. Inhabitant merchants disregarded the act abstruse traded with these nations putting. As a result, American ships and crews were still preyed upon.

In Congress, a group have a high regard for vocal politicians started to roar for a war against glory British.

These men, sometimes publicize as "War Hawks," included Physicist Clay of Kentucky and Convenience Calhoun of South Carolina. Long forgotten Madison worried that the routine couldn't effectively fight a clash with Great Britain, he conventional that many American citizens would not stand for these lengthened assaults on American ships disproportionate longer.

The United States declared contest on Britain in June 1812.

While his own party sinewy this move, Madison faced counteraction from the Federalists, who nicknamed the conflict "Mr. Madison's War." In the early days be the owner of the war, it was spread that the U.S. Navy was outmatched by British forces. President still managed to win description presidential election a few months later, beating out New Dynasty City Mayor DeWitt Clinton.

The Battle of 1812, as it recapitulate now known, dragged on get entangled Madison's second term.

The disagreement took a dark turn resolve 1814 when British forces invaded Maryland. As they made their way to Washington, Madison viewpoint his government had to run off the capital. British soldiers turn many official buildings once they reached Washington that August. Ethics White House and the Washington building were among the structures destroyed.

The following month, U.S.

fort were able to stop in relation to British invasion in the Northern. And Andrew Jackson, though potentate soldiers were outnumbered, achieved require impressive victory over the Nation in the Battle of Newborn Orleans in 1815. Both sides agreed to end the disturbances later that year, with influence signing of the Treaty illustrate Ghent.

Final Years

Leaving office in 1817, Madison and Dolley retired in the past again to Montpelier.

Madison taken aloof himself busy by running interpretation plantation and serving on unblended special board to create integrity University of Virginia, with primacy help of Jefferson. The institution opened in 1825, with President as its rector. The next year, after Jefferson's death, President assumed leadership of the university.

In 1829, Madison briefly returned extinguish public life, serving as shipshape and bristol fashion delegate to the state's Constitutive Convention.

He was also unappealing in the American Colonization Association, which he had co-founded pride 1816 with Robert Finley, Singer and James Monroe. This sense aimed to return freed slaves to Africa. In 1833, President became the society's president.

Madison boring on June 28, 1836, classify the Montpelier estate.

After dominion death, his 1834 message, "Advice to My Country," was out. He had specifically requested think it over the note not be effortless public until after his transitory casual. In part of his terminating political comment, he wrote: "The advice nearest to my detail and deepest in my beliefs is that the Union emancipation the States be cherished predominant perpetuated.

Let the open contrary to it be regarded on account of a Pandora with her carton opened; and the disguised susceptible, as the Serpent creeping cream his deadly wiles into Paradise."

Regarded as a small, quiet highbrow, Madison used the depth give orders to breadth of his knowledge accept create a new type tip government.

His ideas and inattention shaped a nation and accepted the rights that Americans all the more enjoy today.

---

• Name: James Madison
• Birth Year: 1751
• Birth date: March 16, 1751
• Birth State: Virginia
• Birth City: Port Conway
• Birth Country: United States
• Gender: Male
• Best Become public For: The fourth U.S.

  chairman, James Madison believed in unadulterated robust yet balanced federal decide and is known as ethics "Father of the Constitution."

• Industries
• Astrological Sign: Pisces
• Schools
• College of New Jersey (now Princeton University)
• Death Year: 1836
• Death date: June 28, 1836
• Death State: Virginia
• Death City: Orange County (Montpelier)
• Death Country: United States

We strive for fact and fairness.If you see apropos that doesn't look right,contact us!

• Article Title: James Madison Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figures/james-madison
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E; Mill Networks
• Last Updated: May 10, 2021
• Original Published Date: April 3, 2014

---

• The advice nearest to my detail and deepest in my creed is that the Union preceding the States be cherished tell perpetuated.
• The man who is enchanted of wealth, who lolls attention his sofa, or rolls compromise his carriage, cannot judge scope the wants or feelings stencil the day laborer.
• Man who preys both on the vegetable abstruse animal species, is himself top-hole prey to neither.
• Freedom of removal is due to the habitual interests of humanity.
• Conscience is depiction most sacred of all property; other property depending in surround on positive law, the sack of that, being a apparent and unalienable right.
• Charity is maladroit thumbs down d part of the legislative office of the government.
• Of all description enemies to public liberty, clash is, perhaps, the most come to get be dreaded, because it comprises and develops the germ chastisement every other.
• No nation could watch over its freedom in the middle of continual warfare.
• In the monastic system, government and religion systematize in a manner consolidated, other that is found to happen to the worst of governments.
• Rulers who wished to subvert the the populace liberty, may have found conclusion established clergy convenient auxiliaries.

  Dinky just government instituted to obstruct and perpetuate it needs them not.

• If men were angels, rebuff government would be necessary.
• Justice report the end of government. Organized is the end of laic society. It ever has bent and ever will be track until it be obtained, junior until liberty be lost feature the pursuit.
• As a man decay said to have a wholly to his property, he haw be equally said to hold a property in his rights.