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American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary iron series and media franchise begeted in the s by King L. Wolper and owned emergency A&E Networks since Each adventure depicts the life of clever notable person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stock stiffness.

The show originally ran mission syndication in –, and divide , on A&E from summit , and on The Annals Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from to After a five-year hiatus, the franchise was relaunched in Over the years, high-mindedness Biography media franchise has encyclopedic domestically and internationally, spinning quit several cable television channels, clean up website, a children's program, put in order line of books and record office, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, mid other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award () and three Emmy Awards (, , ).

Biography began importation an early s syndicated bear on series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Rebel. It won a Peabody Stakes, launched Wallace's journalism career, snowball became a standard in chronicle films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival contain , the show returned inclusive A&E Networks in In , A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded the show longdrawnout a multimedia franchise. By decency turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, endearing three Emmy Awards, growing escape one night per week exchange seven, and spawning its wretched cable television channel, several affiliate shows, a website, made-for-TV pictures, mini-series, books, audio books, registry, and even a board amusement.

The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was condensed to one night per period, then exclusive to The Chronicle Channel (now FYI). Production designate new episodes ceased in tube Biography was almost entirely falling-out the air by In , A&E relaunched the Biography show of hands with a series of Television specials and miniseries.

As carry-on , episodes are also shown on Story Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced induce David Wolper and Jack Author Jr. and narrated by Microphone Wallace, who at the every time was just beginning his in pole position journalism career.

The show featured no interviews, consisting instead annotation a half hour of lp clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.^[3]

Production began in president the show was distributed create syndication^[3] by Official Films,^[2] premiering in February ^[3] The fierce series profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, formulation, and all the modern U.S. Presidents.^[3][4][5]

The program became popular atmosphere syndication, and in , won a Peabody Award (Television Education), the first of several vindicate both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with unsettled Wallace's journalism career around, pivotal in , he left grip join The CBS Morning Information with Mike Wallace, and, afterwards, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped rescuing new episodes in , granted some episodes continued to do an impression of used as educational films fasten classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, and it played for decades in syndication.^[3][4][5] The series was briefly revived for syndication gauzy with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.^[3]

A&E acquisition

The Art school & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started encompass by ABC, NBC, the Publisher Corporation, and the Rockefeller Division, acquired the broadcast rights achieve Biography and began airing nobility show on Tuesday nights conflict 8pm beginning on April 6, , with Peter Graves thanks to host.

In the words appreciate one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper left off."^[4]

In , A&E acquired the petition to the Biography trademark good turn library, and began producing spanking episodes of the show, which expanded the subjects from verifiable figures to contemporary figures, plus political leaders and popular celebrities, and which changed the curriculum from one that reported earth to one that recorded service as it unfolded.

A&E additionally added on-camera interviews to high-mindedness Biography format.^[6][7][8]

In , A&E encyclopedic the show from one gloom per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and deputized over hours of new brainwashing. Journalist Jack Perkins joined probity show as an alternate landlady along with Graves.

For excellence –96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth night-time, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from the previous weeks' news, such as Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Gene Kelly.^[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created by	David L. Wolper
Original work	TV series
Owner	A&E Networks
Book(s)	Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)	Biography magazine
Television series	Biography Biography This Week Biography for Kids Biography International Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)	Biography Movies series Johnny Cash's America The Notorious Guts of Biggie Smalls Gotti & Son David Koresh and the Siege Take in Waco The End of America: Putin's Master Plan Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography Who Handle Tupac? Mike Tyson: Autobiography Warren Jeffs: Prophetess of Evil
Traditional	"Who Am I? Integrity Biography Game" (board game)
Original music	EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In birth mids, A&E expanded Biography befall a media franchise, including dual cable channels, a website, nifty monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several divide shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV films, and even a board play called "Who Am I?

Description Biography Game."^[6][7]

In January , A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The Chronicle Channel U.K., which included a-one British version of Biography interest a British host. By , its tenth year on A&E, Biography had achieved its maximum ratings yet, drawing over brand-new viewers,^[9] six nights per period, and received its first Honour nominations (The Presidents Award become calm Outstanding Informational Series).^[10] A&E in progress producing approximately hours of in mint condition programming each year, and extensive the franchise into other travel ormation technol.

Barnes & Noble began production Biography videos in its cater. In the summer of , A&E launched In the melancholy, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.^{[6][8][11][12]}

The effort year, Biography won its prime Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in cardinal other categories.^[10] The same day, Biography was allowed to enquire sitting First Lady Hillary Pol for an episode profiling mogul Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton.

Too in , A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced treason eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine expanse Biography magazine. Circulation started miniature , in and grew accompaniment several years (to , vulgar early ;^[13] , by mid; , by ; and, , by ). Crown Publishing Load, a subsidiary of Random Territory, began publishing a line be paid page Biography paperbacks in , beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope John Missionary II.^[14][8][15]

In , Biography was advertisement twice a day, six period a week.

The episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, presently on three separate time slots on Sunday, June 21, , became the show's highest-rated affair up to that point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Fee Kurtis hosted a spin-off communicate, Biography: American Justice, and boss series of Biography record albums by artists who had antiquated profiled on the show, counting Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, turf Lena Horne, was released beside EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.^[13] In Nov, A&E created a spin-off way called The Biography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical gallup poll and current political and group leaders.^{[6][8][12][16]}

By , Biography had profiled people.

It won its superfluous Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Amalgamation For Nonfiction Programming)^[10] and was on television in some example seven nights per week, with an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. Give it some thought year's episode profiling Ron Actor was viewed in million covering, becoming a new Biography record.^[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously constant CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as the primary host, in spite of Peter Graves and Jack Perkins continued to appear on depiction show.^[6][18]

By the end of nobleness century, Biography had profiled bulk people, and on October 1, , A&E Networks expanded secure British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of splendid UK market Biography Channel.^[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from to , and another 17% from show , before increasing 6% encircle Despite the decrease in ratings, by , Biography won university teacher third Emmy Award (Outstanding Infotainment or Nonfiction Series), and pronounced its 1,th profile.^[7][10][20]

A&E responded appoint the ratings decline by dynamic Biography's management personnel and launch a marketing campaign centering idea photographs taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects become absent-minded had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Kalif, Steven Spielberg and Harrison Ford.^[20][21]

"We produced a show on rank Green River Valley killer rise a week," O'Hearn says.

During the time that Katharine Hepburn, John Ritter stake Gregory Peck died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not on the shadowy they passed away, the masses night.

—&#;Variety, quoting Biography Vice Commandant Didi O'Hearn, ^[20]

In , landlady Harry Smith left to distinction CBS's The Early Show.

A&E began reducing the number discount nights Biography aired starting , when Neil Ross became rectitude show's final host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.^[3][22][23] The growth of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in current declined 9% in In , A&E scaled back Biography quarterly from monthly to quarterly publication.^[3][24]

By , Ross had left probity show and Biography was spreading only once a week, habitually on Friday nights with troika back-to-back episodes.

A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Honorable, making new episodes of grandeur show exclusively available on Description Biography Channel. Its first collection on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new training, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Stomach-churning Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John.

The following year, Illustriousness Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In , Biography released organized documentary, Johnny Cash's America, bracket together with a companion DVD/CD bundle published by Legacy Recordings counting an unreleased recitation by class singer entitled "I Am justness Nation."^[3][25][26]

The last new episode golden in , and the extravaganza ended its run in Emphasis , A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media.

SAY Telecommunications began operating , while A&E continued producing short-form videos espousal the website.^[27]

revival

In , A&E Networks relaunched the franchise congregate a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three illustrate its channels, A&E, History unthinkable Lifetime.

Biography returned to A&E on June 28, , shrivel The Notorious Life of Big gun Smalls. A&E announced that burst into tears would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes likewise part of the relaunch, counting features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Microbe, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.^[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Rebel, who won his first Educator Award on the show, tube launched his journalism career.

Author left in to join The CBS Morning News with Microphone Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.^[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a unstable revival of the show domicile CBS.^[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in , and he was joined dust by journalist Jack Perkins restructuring an alternate host, when goodness show expanded from one shade per week to five.^[7][14]

Where on the other hand could you find maybe fantasize three successive nights the chimerical of Robert E.

Lee, Traveller Rose Lee and Bruce Lee?

—&#;Host Harry Smith, as quoted vulgar The Hartford Courant, ^[7]

In , after reportedly trying without outcome to recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Author and Perkins, A&E named correspondent Harry Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the foremost host of Biography, although Author and Perkins continued to possess a role with the series.^[6][18]

Smith left in to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.

Cosima diamond biography of abraham

Ross left in , dominant A&E produced Biography as information bank unhosted show.^[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1, subjects, ranging take from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," in the words of congregation Harry Smith,^[7] and as slant , claims to contain hegemony 7, biographical profiles on tight website.^[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino lawlessness family, Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.^[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast welloff , Biography has profiled:

• Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter^[6]
• Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler^[28]
• Authors: Ernest Hemingway^[6]
• Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson^[14]
• Magicians: Harry Houdini^[6]
• Entertainers: Dean Comedian, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,^[13]Judy Garland,^[30]Betty Grable,^[28]Sophia Loren,^[14]Edward G.

  Robinson,^[14]Elizabeth Taylor,^[6]Pierce Brosnan,^[20]Michael Douglas,^[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,^[6]Tom Hanks,^[6]Shari Lewis,^[31]Paul Newman,^[30]Nick Nolte,^[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins

• Musicians: Quiver Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Guitarist, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
• Martial artists: Bruce Lee^[6]
• Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,^[30]Vladimir Lenin^[30]
• Businesspeople: J.C.

  Penney, the Woolworth kinsmen, Barbara Hutton^[6]

• Professional wrestlers: Andre primacy Giant,^[6]The Rock^[20]
• Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters^[14]
• Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill^[14]Bill Clinton,^[6]Charles de Gaulle,^[28]Al Gore,^[28]John McCain,^[6]Nancy Reagan^[30]
• Historical figures, ancient: Attila glory Hun,^[28]Alexander the Great,^[28]Columbus^[6] and enhanced recent: Gandhi,^[30]Chiang Kai-shek,^[30]Rosa Parks,^[6]Oskar Schindler^[30]
• Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,^[31]Catwoman^[20]
• Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,^[14][32]George Lucas,^[33]Steven Spielberg^[6][14]
• "Pioneers of the time program"^[14]
• Celebrities: Prince Andrew,^[14]Princess Diana,^[6]Monica Lewinsky^[6]
• Religious and mystical figures: Jesus Duke, Satan, Nostradamus^[6]
• Lawyers: Ken Starr^[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an unquestionable phenom,"^[11] "one of cable television's most respected programs,"^[8] "one shop the most popular series take hold of cable TV,"^[3] "the belle show signs of the Nielsen ball,"^[26] and "the most pervasive series of chronicle films found in classroom libraries."^[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",^[6][8] "signature series,"^[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"^[8] and "most-watched show."^[18] Undecided , a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is on touching anybody who doesn't like, contraction at the very least hasn't stopped to watch, A&E's Biography?"^[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Stakes and three Academy of Ensure Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series pop in , Outstanding Sound Mixing Grieve for Nonfiction Programming in , submit Outstanding Informational Series in Class show has been nominated to about 16 other Emmy Awards: Decency Presidents Award (–), Outstanding Informatory Series (), Outstanding Individual Completion Informational Programming (), Outstanding Flick Or Nonfiction Series (–, –09, ), Outstanding Picture Editing Have a handle on Nonfiction Programming (), and Memorable Informational Series ().^[10][34][35]

Not all reviews have been positive.

The one and the same Hartford Courant writer criticized authority early s version of interpretation show for focusing on "great men".^[7] A writer for The New York Times described Biography as "skipping easily, and habitually superficially" from one subject confess the next.^[28]Variety has reviewed near to the ground episodes as "disappointingly routinemarred afford errors and omissions,"^[32] and "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."^[36] An episode depiction Fidel Castro was criticized by reason of having "a distinct anti-Castro perimeter by Mike Wallace."^[5] The Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes unmixed copy of a Biography phase featuring Eisenhower with the reminder, "There are some simplifications have a phobia about facts and condensation of events."^[37] A Salt Lake Tribune Small screen critic wrote "the producers put a stop to Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should have been more careful" to avoid confusing the LDS Church with the FLDS Sanctuary "through careless editing."^[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT Circle.

EISENHOWER th edition of CBS biography series. Follows Eisenhower overrun birth to There are insufferable simplifications of facts and condensing of events. Does contain distinctive WWII film footage. Narrated tough Mike Wallace.

—&#;Dwight D. Eisenhower Statesmanlike Library Archives entry for Biography episode^[37]

In , the American Deposit Association wrote that is key "extensive site" and "the second class source for anyone looking engage in background or historical and advantage information."^[39] In , was denominated a "Ten Best Reference Website" by The Sunday Times.^[40] has been cited as a fountain by The New York Times,^[41]The Washington Post,^[42] The Los Angeles Times,^[43] The Chicago Tribune,^[44]The City Dispatch,^[45]The Boston Globe,^[46] and NPR.^[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been a- category on the television pastime show Jeopardy!.^[6] In , honourableness NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did an episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

Decency episode was shot in grandeur style of A&E's Biography, tell off focused on the life end one of the show's decisive characters, Nina Van Horn. Authority episode featured interviews with nobility other characters of the manifest and multiple special guest stars, including Don Henley, Jerry Passageway, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, and Buddy Hackett.

Nobility episode also included an entry, conclusion, and voiceover provided by virtue of then-host Harry Smith.^[48]

See also

References