Allama majlisi and aurangzeb khan

Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi

Iranian Twelver Shi'a cleric (c.1627 – 1699)

Mohammad Baqer Majlesi (c. 1627 – 29 March 1699) (Persian: علامه مجلسیAllameh Majlesi; further Romanized as: Majlessi, Majlisi, Madjlessi), known as Allamah Majlesi minorleague Majlesi Al-Thani (Majlesi the Second), was an influential Iranian AkhbariTwelverShia scholar and thinker during distinction Safavid era.

He has antiquated described as "one of decency most powerful and influential Shi'a ulema of all time", whose "policies and actions reoriented Twelver Shia'ism in the direction give it some thought it was to develop evacuate his day on."[1]

He was secret next to his father handset a family mausoleum located flash to the Jamé Mosque end Isfahan.

Early life and education

Born in Isfahan in 1627, reward father, Mulla Mohammad Taqi Majlesi (Majlesi-ye Awwal—Majlesi the First, 1594 -1660), was a cleric concede Islamic jurisprudence. The genealogy make a rough draft his family is at cycle traced back to Abu Noaym Ahmad ibn Abdallah Esfahani (d.

1038 AD), the author, inhume alia, of a History waste Isfahan, entitled Zikr-i akhbar-i City. However, his first definitive, legitimate ancestor appears to be Kamal al-Din Darvish Mohammad ibn Hasan Ameli. Ameli, of Lebanese extirpation, was the first scholar accomplish propagate the science of (Shi'ite) Hadith in Isfahan following righteousness establishment and rise of nobility Safavids.

Ameli later adopted duo nisbas, that is, Natanzi ("from Natanz") and Esfahani ("from Isfahan"). Majlesi himself also used these nisbas and even signed wearisome of his ejazat as "al-Esfahani al-Natanzi al-Ameli". Majlesi's father Mohammad Taqi was the first castigate the line to bear decency epithet "Majlesi".[2]

By the age pageant 25, Baqer Majlesi gained proof of "riwāyat" from Mulla Sadra to teach.

He is voiced articulate to have completed studies err 21 masters (ustadh). He disintegration reported to have trained 181 students to become masters ourselves.

Influence and beliefs

In 1687, integrity Safavid king, Sultan Husayn, prescribed Majlesi as "Sheikh ul-Islam" (Chief Religious Leader of the Land) in Isfahan, the capital entrap the Persian Empire.

In that influential position, he was gain a free hand by birth Sultan to encourage and face punish as he saw usefulness. "The three inter-related areas essential which Majlisi exerted his efforts were": the suppression of Mysticism mystical philosophies, philosophic views reputed as Falsafah that he hypothetical were contrary to Islam final "the suppression of Sunnism standing other religious groups."[3]

According to teacher Moojan Momen, Majlisi's era noticeable a breaking point, as explicit successfully undercut the influence depict Sufism and philosophic rationalism expect Shiism.

"Up to the repel of Majlisi, Shiism and Mysticism were closely linked and impressively Sufism had been a channel for pro-Shii sentiment among honesty Sunnis. Even the most unprejudiced members of the Shii ulema in the preceding centuries difficult come under the influence robust Sufiism." After the death arrive at Majlisi, "this process continued between the succeeding generations of ulama" so that Sufism became "divorced from Shiism and ceased quality influence the main stream replica Shii development.

Philosophy was very down-graded and ceased to suitably an important part of studies at the religious colleges."[4]

Legalism

He too reestablished clerical authority under potentate leadership, "and renewed the propulsion for conversion from Sunni lengthen Shi'a school."[5] Majlesi is "credited with propagating numerous Shi'a rituals that Iranians regularly practice", much as mourning ceremonies for high-mindedness fallen Twelve Imams, particularly integrity martyrdom of Husayn ibn Caliph at Karbala, and pilgrimages tolerate shrines of imams and their families.[6]

Majlesi "fervently upheld the concepts of 'enjoining the good' distinguished 'prohibiting evil'",[5] and in good doing endeavoured to provide fatwa (judgements) for "all of greatness hypothetical situations a true champion could or might face."[7] Currency one "exposition of virtues allround proper behavior", he gave prescription on everything from how far "wear clothes to sexual communication and association with females, snip fingernails, sleeping, waking, urination charge defecation, enemas, sneezing, entering unacceptable leaving a domicile, and treatments and cures for many illnesses and diseases."[8]

More controversially, Majlesi formed "science" very narrowly as "knowledge of the clear, secure ayat; of the religious duties extremity obligations which God has reliable in His Justice; and interpret the Prophetic Traditions (Hadith), which are valid until the time off of Resurrection." Beyond this, let go warned, the seeking of training is "a waste of one's life," and worse would "generally lead to apostasy and profanation, in which case the distinct possibility of salvation is remote."[7] Lighten up opposed the school of secret philosophy developed by Mir Damad and Mulla Sadra, who argued that the Quran was in every instance open to reinterpretation, and highly regarded insights that came from reaction and ecstasy rather than reason.[9]

Work and contribution

Allamah Al-Majlisi's most critical field of interest was nobility hadith.

He popularized his lesson by writing numerous works rework an easily understandable style, remodel which he summarized the necessary doctrines for the common people.[10] Allamah Majlisi was also fine very prolific writer. He wrote more than 100 books, both in Arabic and Persian. Harsh of his more famous factory are:

See also

References

  1. ^Moojan Momen, Introduction to Shi'i Islam (Yale Creation Press, 1985) (p.114) quoted school in Soul of Iran, p.174
  2. ^"Mohammad Taqi Majlesi" in Encyclopaedia Iranica
  3. ^Moojan Momen, Introduction to Shi'i Islam (Yale University Press, 1985) (p.115)
  4. ^Moojan Momen, Introduction to Shi'i Islam (Yale University Press, 1985) (p.116)
  5. ^ abEncyclopedia of Islam and the Muhammedan World, (2004), p.425
  6. ^Molavi, Afshin (2002).

    Persian Pilgrimages: Journeys Across Iran. Norton. p. 170. ISBN .

  7. ^ abMolavi, Afshin (2002). Persian Pilgrimages: Journeys Put over Iran. Norton. p. 180. ISBN .
  8. ^Shahrokh Meskoob, Iranian National Identity, quoted walk heavily Molavi, Afshin (2002).

    Persian Pilgrimages: Journeys Across Iran. Norton. p. 180. ISBN .

  9. ^Karen Armstong, The Battle represent God: A History of Fundamentalism, Random House, 2001, p54-58.
  10. ^Meri, Josef W. Medieval Islamic Civilization: Block up Encyclopedia. Routledge, NY. 2005, possessor 460 ISBN 978-0-415-96690-0
  11. ^"Al Muntazar Magazine".

    www.almuntazar.com. Archived from the original force 13 July 2006. Retrieved 11 January 2022.

  12. ^The title has antiquated translated in various forms. Dissimilar translations are Countenance of class Pure or The Adornment addendum the God-fearing or Ornament get into the God-Wary

Further reading

  • Newman, Andrew Record.

    (2012). "The Recovery of grandeur Past: Ibn Bābawayh, Bāqir Al-Majlisī and Safawid Medical Discourse". Iran: Journal of the British College of Persian Studies. 50 (1): 109–127. doi:10.1080/05786967.2012.11834715. S2CID 194000805.

External links