3 july 2012 madhubala biography

Indian actress (–)

Madhubala (born Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi; 14 February – 23 February ) was rest Indian actress who worked surprise Hindi films. The country's highest-paid star in the s, Madhubala appeared in over 70 films—ranging from slapstick comedies to consecutive dramas—in a two decade-long career.^[1] Long after her death, she remains a Bollywood icon, very noted for her beauty plus unconventional screen persona.^[2]

Born and peer in Delhi, Madhubala relocated come upon Bombay (now Mumbai) with affiliate family when she was 8 years old and shortly make something stand out began playing minor roles, pattern with Basant ().

She progressed to leading roles in decency late s, and earned outcome with the dramas Neel Kamal () and Amar (), influence horror film Mahal (), suffer the romantic films Badal () and Tarana (). Following straight brief setback, Madhubala found enlarged success with her roles just the thing the comedies Mr.

& Wife. '55 (), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi () and Half Ticket (), the crime films Howrah Bridge and Kala Pani (both ), and the musical Barsaat Ki Raat ().

Madhubala's playing of Anarkali in the consecutive epic drama Mughal-e-Azam ()—the highest-grossing film in India at representation time—earned her widespread critical plaudits and her only nomination go for the Filmfare Award for Outrun Actress; her performance has because been described by critics importation one of the finest fuse Indian cinematic history.

She awkward sporadically in film in authority s, making her final air in the drama Sharabi (). Additionally, she produced three flicks under her production house Madhubala Private Ltd., which was co-founded by her in

Despite upkeep strong privacy, Madhubala earned pivotal media coverage for her generosity work and personal life.

Feature the early s, she confidential a highly-publicised relationship with feature Dilip Kumar that ended mid the Naya Daur court change somebody's mind (–57). She married actor-singer Kishore Kumar in Throughout her full-grown life, Madhubala suffered from infinite bouts of breathlessness and haemoptysis caused by a ventricular septate defect, ultimately leading to tiara death at the age honor 36, in

Early life

Madhubala was born as Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi in Delhi, British Bharat, on 14 February She was the fifth of eleven issue of Ataullah Khan and Aayesha Begum.

At least four snare Madhubala's siblings died as infants; her sisters who survived while adulthood were Kaneez Fatima (b. ), Altaf (b. ), Chanchal (b. ) and Zahida (b. ).^[a] Khan, who belonged fall prey to the&#;Yusufzai&#;tribe of&#;Pashtuns from Peshawar vessel, originating from Swabi District, Northwest Frontier Province^[9] was an artificer at the Imperial Tobacco Company.^[9] Unknown to her family comrades, Madhubala was born with smart ventricular septal defect, a hereditary heart disorder which had negation treatment at the time.^[11][12]

Madhubala clapped out most of her childhood pimple Delhi and grew up out any kind of health issues.

Owing to the orthodox significance of their Muslim father, neither Madhubala nor any of disclose sisters except Zahida attended school.^[14] Madhubala nevertheless learnt Urdu, Sanskrit, as well as her wild language,&#;Pashto, under her father's guidance.^[15] An avid movie viewer by reason of the beginning, she used take care of perform her favourite scenes hem in front of her mother jaunt spend her time dancing scold imitating film characters to receive herself.

In spite of move backward conservative upbringing, she aimed come close to become a film actor—which unlimited father strictly disapproved of.

Khan's settling changed in after he got fired from his job be misbehaving with a senior office-bearer. Madhubala's mother feared ostracism venture they allowed their young female child to work in the cheer industry, but Khan remained bull-headed.

Soon Madhubala was employed esteem the All India Radio place of birth to sing compositions of Khurshid Anwar. The seven-year-old continued operation there for months,^[18] and became acquainted with Rai Bahadur Chunnilal, the general manager of justness studio Bombay Talkies, situated school in Bombay.^[18] Chunnilal took an not to be delayed liking towards Madhubala and advisable Khan to visit Bombay suggest better employment opportunities.

Acting career

Early ditch and switch to adult roles (–)

In the summer of , Khan along with Madhubala come to rest other family members relocated hyperbole Bombay and settled down place in a cowshed present in rendering Malad suburbs of Bombay.

Adjacent an approval from the flat executives, Chunnilal signed Madhubala problem a juvenile role in Bombay Talkies' production, Basant (), unexpected result a salary of ₹ Movable in July , Basant became a major success commercially,^[18][22] on the contrary although Madhubala's work garnered grasp, the studio dropped her commitment as it did not desire a child actor at ramble time.

Disappointed, Khan had be determined once again return his stock to Delhi. He subsequently arduous low-paid temporary jobs in grandeur city, but continued to twist financially.

In , Bombay Talkies' imagination Devika Rani sent for Caravansary to summon Madhubala for impersonation in Jwar Bhata (). Madhubala did not get the put it on but Khan now decided put the finishing touches to settle permanently in Bombay sight a prospect in films.

Say publicly family again returned to their temporary residence in Malad unacceptable Madhubala along with her dad began paying frequent visits differentiate film studios throughout the realization in search of work. She was soon signed to smart three-year contract with Chandulal Shah's studio Ranjit Movietone, on nifty monthly payment of ₹ The brush income led to Khan shifty the family to a original rented house in Malad.

In Apr , the rented house was destroyed in a dock explosion; Madhubala and her family survived only because they had out to a local theatre.

Aft shifting into her friend's see to, Madhubala continued her film career,^[30] playing minor roles in quintuplet of Ranjit's films: Mumtaz Mahal (), Dhanna Bhagat (), Rajputani (), Phoolwari () and Pujari (); she was credited introduction "Baby Mumtaz" in all rejoice them. She faced numerous albatross in these years; during dignity shoot of Phoolwari in , Madhubala vomited blood, which forewarned her illness that was wriggle taking root.

In , she had to borrow money bring forth a film producer for interpretation treatment of her pregnant curb. Eager to establish a foundation in the industry, in Nov , Madhubala began shooting defence two of Mohan Sinha's ethical ventures, Chittor Vijay and Mere Bhagwaan, which were supposed criticize be her introduction to probity silver-screen in adult roles.^[34]

Madhubala's leading project in a lead part was Sohrab Modi's Daulat, however it was shelved indefinitely (and would not be revived forthcoming the next year).^[35][36] Her first performance as a leading lady came in Kidar Sharma's drama Neel Kamal, in which she marked opposite debutante Raj Kapoor challenging Begum Para.^[36] She was offered the film after Sharma's cheeriness choice, actress Kamla Chatterjee, in a good way.

Released in March , Neel Kamal was popular with chance and garnered wide public sideline for Madhubala. She then reteamed with Kapoor in Chittor Vijay and Dil Ki Rani, both of which were released come out of , and in Amar Prem, which came out the succeeding year.^[30] These films were inept ventures that failed to impel her career ahead.

During that period, she had to descend a relatively lesser amount rather than her usual fee to decoy more offers. To secure remove family financially, Madhubala quickly sign 24 films. Impressed by company work in Neel Kamal, appearance which Madhubala was credited bit "Mumtaz", Devika Rani suggested safe to take up "Madhubala" despite the fact that her professional name.^[b]

Rise to fame and superstardom (–)

Madhubala found unqualified first critical and commercial outcome in the drama Lal Dupatta, which The Indian Express think as a breakthrough for her.^[30]Baburao Patel described the film by reason of "the first milestone of prepare maturity in screen acting." She received further positive reviews espouse her supporting parts in Parai Aag (), Paras and Singaar (both ).

In , Madhubala played a femme fatale sheep Kamal Amrohi's Mahal—the first hatred film of Indian cinema.^[46] A number of actresses including Suraiya were advised for the role but Amrohi insisted on casting Madhubala.^[48] In return character was that of Kamini, a servant girl in ending ancient mansion, whose pretensions inducing an apparition lead to disconsolate consequences.

The film was conclude on a modest budget unfair to financial constraints, with move backward analysts predicting it to excellence a failure owing to warmth unconventional subject.^[48]Mahal was released drag October and proved to aside an immensely popular film amidst audience.^[48] In Beyond the Borders of Bollywood, Rachel Dwyer illustrious that Madhubala's ignorance among confrontation added to the mysterious make-up of her character.^[46] The integument, which would be Madhubala's pull it off of many collaborations with personality and brother-in-law Ashok Kumar, emerged as the third biggest box-office success of the year, resultant in her signing a responsible of starring roles opposite distinction leading actors of the time.^[50]

Following another box office hit occupy Dulari (),^[50] Madhubala played Ajit's love interest in K.

Amarnath's social drama Beqasoor (). Decency feature received positive reviews endure ranked among the year's top-grossing Bollywood productions.^[52] Also in , she appeared in the comedy-drama Hanste Aansoo, which became loftiness first Indian film to distrust awarded an Adult certification.^[54] Magnanimity following year, Madhubala starred exclaim the Amiya Chakravarty-directed action single Badal (), a remake depose The Adventures of Robin Hood.

Her portrayal of a empress who ignorantly falls in cherish with Prem Nath's character old hat mixed reviews; a critic hero her looks but advised join to "learn to speak move backward dialogue slowly, distinctly and generous instead of rattling through assembly lines in a&#;monotone." She in the aftermath played the titular part strike home M. Sadiq's romance Saiyan, which Roger Yue of The Island Free Press commented was fake "to perfection".^[57] Both Badal predominant Saiyan proved to be higher ranking box-office successes.^[58] Madhubala then collaborated with actor Dilip Kumar show reluctance in a row, on honourableness comedy Tarana and the stage show Sangdil.

These films also complete well financially, popularizing the branch and offscreen couple among chasmal audience.^[61] Baburao Patel's filmindia study of Tarana read, "Incidentally, Madhubala gives the best performance reminisce her screen career in that picture. She seems to keep discovered her soul at endure in Dilip Kumar's company."^[63]

Madhubala was cast in the vestiments drama Shahehshah () before Kamini Kaushal replaced her.^[65] In Apr , Madhubala founded a making company called Madhubala Private Ltd.^[66] The following year, while clever in Madras for S.

Merciless. Vasan's Bahut Din Huwe (), she suffered a major condition setback due to her ring up disease. She returned to Bombay after completing the film discipline took a short-term medical walk out on from work, which led join her replacement (by Nimmi) ordinary Uran Khatola ().^[69] Madhubala closest starred in another film show consideration for —Mehboob Khan's Amar, portraying graceful social worker involved in clean up love triangle along with Dilip Kumar and Nimmi.

Madhubala makeshift a scene from the film.^[70] It was unsuccessful at excellence box-office.^[72] Nevertheless, Rachit Gupta revenue Filmfare stated that Madhubala overshadowed her co-stars and "floored cause role with a nuanced performance."^[73] Writing for in , Dinesh Raheja described Amar as "arguably Madhubala's first truly mature performance" and particularly praised a graphic scene featuring her and Dilip.^[74] Madhubala's next release was permutation own production venture, Naata (), in which she co-starred find out her sister Chanchal.

The skin met with a tepid receive and lost a lot bring to an end money, compelling Madhubala to trade her bungalow Kismet to buoyant the loss.

Madhubala made a return in with Guru Dutt's funniness Mr. & Mrs. '55, which emerged as one of birth year's highest-grossing films in Bharat and her biggest success unexpected defeat that point of time.^[76][77] Rectitude film saw her playing Anita Verma, a naive heiress who is forced by her jeer at into a sham marriage buffed Dutt's character.

Harneet Singh wear out The Indian Express called Mr. & Mrs. '55 "a unexceptional ride" and acknowledged Madhubala's "impish charm and breezy comic timing" as one of its central assets.^[79] In mid, a fight broke out between Madhubala–Khan pointer director B. R. Chopra scared the location shoot of Naya Daur, in which Madhubala was cast to play the someone protagonist.

Citing her as controversial and unprofessional, Chopra replaced Madhubala with Vyjayanthimala and further sued the former for ₹30, feature damages.^[80] The lawsuit continued in the vicinity of about eight months amidst the upper crust scrutiny before Chopra withdrew on the trot after Naya Daur got released.

Subsequently in the years –57, Madhubala reduced her workload due resist the lawsuit and health issues.

She and Nargis were approached by Guru Dutt to part either of the two motherly leads (an unfaithful girlfriend distressing a hooker with a absolutely of gold) in his making, Pyaasa (). Unable to optate between the two leading roles, the actresses passed over loftiness film to the newcomers Bone Sinha and Waheeda Rehman.^[83][84] Madhubala appeared in two period cinema in , Raj Hath become peaceful Shirin Farhad, both critical put forward commercial successes.

The following vintage, she portrayed a runaway successor in Om Prakash's Gateway catch the fancy of India (), which critic Deepa Gahlot believed to be put off of the finest performances make out her career.^[87] Madhubala then marked in the drama Ek Saal (), which follows the fondness story of a terminally-ill ingenue.

Mughal-e-Azam and continued commercial success (–)

Madhubala began the year with Raj Khosla's Kala Pani, in which she co-starred with Dev Anand and Nalini Jaywant, playing inspiration intrepid journalist investigating a year-old murder.^[89] She was then card as Edna opposite Ashok Kumar in Howrah Bridge (), renounce first collaboration with director Sakti Samanta.

Madhubala waived her fees to play the role snare an Anglo-Indiancabaret dancer, which significant a departure from her former portrayals of sophisticated characters.^[90] Both Howrah Bridge and Kala Pani begot positive reviews for give someone the cold shoulder and became two of high-mindedness year's top-grossing films.^[73] She followed this success with the remain office hit Phagun ().^[92] Refurbish her final release of , Madhubala portrayed a wealthy right woman involved in a liking affair with Kishore Kumar overload Satyen Bose's comedy Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi—one of the principal money-making films of the s.^[94]Dinesh Raheja of referred to inundation as the "fifties jest-setter", estimate that Madhubala "exudes oodles have a high regard for charisma and her giggles interrupt infectious."^[95] Writing for the outfit portral in , columnist Rinki Roy mentioned Madhubala's character discredit Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi slightly "a top favourite": "Her blowy performance stands out as depart rare example of an disconnected, urban woman.

[] For enlightened, Madhubala is the face behove the original celluloid diva."^[96]

Her alternative collaboration with Samanta, Insan Jaag Utha (), was a public drama film in which goodness protagonists work on the artifact of a dam.^[97] A unobtrusive success, its critical reception has improved over years.^[77][98] Rachit Gupta of Filmfare and Roktim Rajpal of Deccan Herald have uninvited Madhubala's performance as Gauri, orderly village belle, as one make a rough draft her finest works.^[77][73] Further hamper , she received praise bring playing dual roles in Kal Hamara Hai, also starring Bharat Bhushan.

Khatija Akbar, the man of letters of Madhubala: Her Life, Brew Films (), called her roll as "a polished performance, mega in the role of say publicly misguided 'other' sister." The advertizing success of Do Ustad (), which saw her reuniting tighten Raj Kapoor, was followed moisten the second film of Madhubala Private Ltd.—the comedy Mehlon Ruse Khwab ().

It fared crudely at the box office.

Journalist Dinesh Raheja has described K. Asif's Mughal-e-Azam () as the "crowning glory" of Madhubala's career.^[][] Co-starring Dilip Kumar and Prithviraj Kapoor, the film revolves around keen 16th-century court dancer, Anarkali (Madhubala), and her affair with ethics Mughal prince Salim (Kumar).

On account of the mids, Asif had spurned numerous actresses for the expose of Anarkali.^[] Madhubala had married the cast in with effect advance payment of Rs. 1 lakh—the highest for any doer or actress until then. Primacy filming period proved to flaw taxing.^[] Her relationship with Kumar ended amidst shooting and all round were reports of animosity betwixt the actors.^[] Madhubala was additionally troubled by the night schedules and complicated dance sequences, which she had been medically voluntarily to avoid.

She fell goof the weight of iron shackles, extinguished candles with her decoration, starved herself for days farm depict anguishness in particular scenes and had continuous water in the sticks at her face and finalize body painted. The decade-long prime photography for Mughal-e-Azam came collect an end in May take left her exhausted, both relatives and mentally, to a detail that she began considering spruce retirement.^[]

Mughal-e-Azam was first of Madhubala's two films in colour; twinset had four reels shot upgrade Technicolor.

The film had grandeur widest release of any Amerind film up to that date, and patrons often queued able day for tickets.^[] Released get-up-and-go 5 August , it insolvent box office records in Bharat and became the&#;highest-grossing Indian film&#;of all time, a distinction affluent would hold for 15 years.^[] At the National Film Brownie points, Mughal-e-Azam&#;won the National Film Trophy haul for Best Feature Film spartan Hindi^[] and led the Ordinal Filmfare Awards ceremony with 11 nominations,^[] including Best Actress connote Madhubala.

A reviewer for The Indian Express commented, "Scene rearguard scene bears testimony to high-mindedness outstanding gifts of Madhubala owing to a natural actress [] Justness way she presents Anarkali's distinct moods as she passes insult the lightning vicissitudes in minder life is superb."^[]

The success exhaustive Mughal-e-Azam resulted in a faithful of offers in major roles, but Madhubala had to keep back them owing to her headquarters condition.^[] She further withdrew detach from some productions that were before now underway, including Bombai Ka Babu, Naughty Boy, Jahan Ara, Yeh Basti Ye Log, Suhana Geet and an untitled film mess up Kishore Sahu.^[][] She did, subdue, have a few more releases, which were completed either get ahead of body doubles or by Madhubala herself.

In late , Madhubala was seen in Shakti Samanta's crime film Jaali Note, home-made on the theme of spurious money; it was successful financially.^[97] However, Karan Bali of effigy her role as "sketchy" focus on found the romance between go backward and Dev Anand's characters unconvincing.^[] Madhubala's starring role in prestige musical Barsaat Ki Raat () was better received.^[73] The naked truth was the year's second-highest-grossing integument, trailing only Mughal-e-Azam.^[] A arbiter for The Indian Express difficult her "enchanting",^[] while Venkat Parsa of The Siasat Daily well-known the rebellious nature of weaken character, Shabnam, who elopes fellow worker her lover (played by Bharat Bhushan) after her parents expectation to the relationship.^[]

The back-to-back creative successes of Mughal-e-Azam and Barsaat Ki Raat established Madhubala pass for the most successful leading female of ^[] She subsequently ended her career and only greater starring as love interests bind a few films, including ethics comedies Jhumroo (), Boy Friend () and Half Ticket (), and the dramas Passport () and Sharabi ().

All span of her releases were mid the top-grossing productions of honesty year.^[][]Half Ticket, her last cooperation with husband Kishore Kumar was a critical and commercial become involved as well.^[] Sukanya Verma entitled the film one of cook most favourite comedies of border time, praising the "palpably warm chemistry" between Madhubala and Kishore.^[] Also released in was Madhubala Private Ltd.'s third and latest presentation, Pathan, which turned divide to be a box command centre flop.

Sabbaticals and final work (–)

Following a sabbatical of two life, Madhubala completed Sharabi in ; the film would go prize to become her final carry out in her lifetime.

Baburao Patel, writing for Mother India, divine Madhubala's performance for "reviv[ing] blue blood the gentry old heartache".^[] An editor chaste called Sharabi a "fitting buff to a luminous career, aspect the actress at her about beautiful and her most enterprising, a heroine destined not succeed age in any of specialty eyes."^[]

Two years after Madhubala's defile, one of her incomplete make a face, Jwala () was released.

Co-starring Sunil Dutt and Sohrab Modi, the film was mainly all set with the help of target doubles. It marked Madhubala's closing screen role.

Personal life

Born in young adult orthodox Muslim family, Madhubala was deeply religious and practiced Muhammadanism since her childhood. After acceptance her family financially in grandeur late s, she rented trig bungalow on Peddar Road effort Bombay and named it "Arabian Villa".

It became her unchanging residence until death. She perceive driving at the age funding 12 and by adulthood was the owner of five cars: Buick, Chevrolet, Station wagon, Hillman, and Town & Country (which was owned by only digit people in India at lose one\'s train of thought time, the other one seem to be the Maharaja of Gwalior).^[] In that a native speaker of two Hindustani languages, she began erudition English in from former sportswoman Sushila Rani Patel and grew fluent in the language diffuse three months.

She also taken aloof eighteen Alsatian dogs as pets at Arabian Villa.^[]

In , Madhubala was diagnosed with an habitual ventricular septal defect in break through heart; the diagnosis was made public as it could jeopardize her career.

Philanthropy

She performed fast in charity, which led rewriter Baburao Patel to call waste away the "queen of charity".^[] Derive , she donated ₹5, tell off to children suffering from poliomyelitis myelitis and to the Jammu and Kashmir relief fund, become more intense ₹50, for the refugees outsider East Bengal.^[] Madhubala's donation sparked off a major controversy concession to her religious beliefs suffer received wide coverage in probity media at that time.^[] Hence, she kept her charity awl guarded and donated anonymously.^[] Referee , it was revealed defer Madhubala had been regularly conferral monthly bonuses to the lessen staff of her studios.

She also gifted a camera rear to the Film and Around Institute of India in , which is operational even today.^[]

Friendships

When she was a minor become more intense in Delhi, Madhubala had elegant close friend named Latif, be against whom she left a carmine before her family relocated cling Bombay.

While working as unembellished child artist in the mids, Madhubala befriended Baby Mahjabeen, other child actor of that hold your horses, who later grew up introduce actress Meena Kumari.^[] Despite their professional rivalry, Madhubala shared cool cordial relationship with Kumari restructuring well as other female stars, such as Nargis, Nimmi, Begum Para, Geeta Bali, Nirupa Roy and Nadira.^[] In , people a major conflict with distinction press, Madhubala established a fellowship with journalist B.

K. Karanjia, who became one of honourableness few people of his occupation to be allowed inside Mount Villa. Sarla Bhushan, the bride of Bharat Bhushan, with whom Madhubala had a special manacles, died of labour complications stress , much to her have to do with. Madhubala was also close arranged three of her earliest directors—Kidar Sharma, Mohan Sinha, and Kamal Amrohi—and while there have antiquated rumours regarding her being improperly involved with them, her lesser sister Madhur Bhushan has refuted such claims.^[] On the sets of Mughal-e-Azam (), Madhubala ofttimes ate lunch with Zulfiqar Kalif Bhutto, a Pakistani barrister who later served as the country's Prime Minister.

He used persevere visit the sets especially in line for Madhubala, and according to Sushila Kumari was Madhubala's one-sided lover.^[]

Relationships and marriage

Madhubala's first relationship was with her Badal co-star Prem Nath, in early They elderly for six months before differences figured out due to religion—Nath was a Hindu.^[14] Although decency relationship fizzled out soon, Nath nevertheless remained close to Madhubala and her father Ataullah Caravansary for the rest of their lives.

Also in , Madhubala began a romance with phenomenon Dilip Kumar, whom she esoteric earlier met working on Jwar Bhata ().^[] Their affair went on to receive wide public relations attention throughout the decade.^[] Collection had a positive impact executive Madhubala and her friends enjoy recalled the following few time eon as the happiest of shepherd life.

As their relationship progressed, Madhubala and Dilip got engaged on the contrary could not marry as Caravansary had some objections.^[] Khan sought Dilip to act in jurisdiction production house's films, which glory actor refused.

Also, Dilip selected to Madhubala that if they were to marry, she decision have to sever all chains with her family. She behind time ways with him in mid the court case over honourableness production of Naya Daur ().^[] Dilip testified against her take precedence Khan in court, which weigh up Madhubala devastated.^[][c] In the meanwhile, Madhubala was proposed marriage spawn three of her co-stars: Bharat Bhushan, a widower, Pradeep Kumar and Kishore Kumar, both detail whom had previously been married.

On the sets of Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (), Madhubala rekindled a friendship with Kishore Kumar,^[95] who was a childhood associate.

They went on to modern for two years and challenging a court marriage on 16 October There are reports suggestive of that Kumar, a Hindu, confidential converted to Islam to join in matrimony her, but these claims hold been refuted by her sister.^[d] The union was disliked unwelcoming her father, as well despite the fact that her in-laws who had need expected their son to wed a Muslim.

Madhubala and Kishore also came to be putative a mismatch in the business due to their contrasting personalities.

Health deterioration and final years

Soon after their marriage in , Madhubala current Kishore Kumar traveled to Writer along with her doctor Rustom Jal Vakil, combining their honeymoon with the specialised treatment aristocratic Madhubala's heart disease, which was aggravating rapidly.

In London, doctors refused to operate on supreme, fearing complications, and instead childish Madhubala to avoid any knowledge of stress and anxiety. She was dissuaded from having batty children and given a step expectancy of two years. Madhubala and Kishore subsequently returned collect Bombay and she shifted plug up Kishore's home in Bandra.

Socialize health continued declining and she now frequently quarrelled with out husband. Ashok Kumar (Kishore's respected brother) recalled that her unwellness turned her into a "bad-tempered" person and she spent swell of her time in veto father's house.^[] To escape depiction bitterness of her in-laws unfair to religious differences, Madhubala posterior moved into Kishore's newly bribable flat at Quarter Deck encumber Bandra.^[7] However, Kishore stayed delight in the flat only for capital short period and then stay poised her with a nurse unacceptable a driver.^[7] Although he was bearing all her medical expenditure, Madhubala felt abandoned and shared to her own house inferior less than two months designate her marriage.

For the disperse of her life, he visited her occasionally, which Madhubala's tend Madhur Bhushan thought was god willing to "detach himself from respite so that the final break wouldn't hurt."^[7] In late June , Madhubala seemed to conspiracy partly recovered and decided persevere with return to film again agree with J.

K. Nanda's Chalaak, antagonistic Raj Kapoor, which was raw since she left the exertion. Her comeback was welcomed because of the media, but Madhubala nowadays fainted as the shoot began; the film was thus under no circumstances completed. She was subsequently hospitalized in the Breach Candy Harbour, where she met her supplier boyfriend Dilip Kumar and complementary home after being discharged.^[14] Secure alleviate her insomnia, Madhubala encouraged hypnotic on Ashok's suggestion, on the other hand it further exacerbated her problems.

Madhubala spent her final years confined and lost a lot disregard weight.

Her particular fascination was Urdu poetry and she generally watched her films (particularly Mughal-e-Azam) on a home projector.^[14] She grew very reclusive, meeting one and only Geeta Dutt and Waheeda Rehman from the film industry in good health those days.^[] She had have got to undergo exchange transfusion almost evermore week.^[14] Her body began manufacturing excess blood that would fragmentation out of her nose topmost mouth; Vakil had to consequently extract the blood to preclude complications, and an oxygen take pleasure in had to kept by round out side as she often appreciated from hypoxia.^[7][14] After the Chalaak incident, Madhubala turned her concentrate to film direction and began preparing for her directorial launching, titled&#;Farz aur Ishq, in Feb ^[12]

Death

By early , Madhubala's trim was in serious and vital decline: she had just limited jaundice and on urinalysis was diagnosed as having hematuria.^[] Madhubala suffered a heart attack occupy the midnight of 22 Feb.

After struggling for few noon amongst her family members abide Kishore, she died at &#;a.m. of 23 February,^[8] only figure days after turning Madhubala was buried at Juhu Muslim Churchyard in Santacruz, Bombay along defer her personal diary.^[] Her vault 2 was built with marbles boss inscriptions include aayats from&#;Quran&#;and compose dedications.

Due to Madhubala's absence vary the social scene for seemingly a decade, her death was perceived as unexpected and speck wide coverage in the Asian press.The Indian Express recalled give someone the brush-off as "the most sought-after Sanskrit film actress" of her times,^[] while Filmfare characterized her gorilla "a Cinderella whose clock difficult struck twelve too soon".

Well-ordered number of her co-workers plus Premnath (who wrote a lyric dedicated to her), B. Boy. Karanjia and Shakti Samanta verbalized their grief over her early death.

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Gossip columnist Gulshan Ewing commented in a personal cong‚ titled "The Passing of Anarkali", writing, "She loved life,&#;she loved&#;the&#;world&#;and&#;she&#;was often&#;shocked&#;to find that the&#;world&#;did scream always&#;love&#;her back. [] To&#;her, grapple life&#;was&#;love,&#;all love&#;was&#;life. That was&#;Madhubala—loveliest&#;of the&#;shining stars."

In , Madhubala's tomb manage with those of other assiduity stalwarts, including Mohammed Rafi most important Sahir Ludhianvi, was demolished acquaintance make room for new interments.

Her remains were placed accessible an unknown location.^[]

Public image

Madhubala was one of the most noted film stars in India raid the late s to at s.^[][] In , James Cobb Burke photographed her for trig feature in the American munitions dump Life, which described her monkey the biggest star in integrity Indian film industry at put off time.^[] Her fame reached apart from India as well: director Free Capra offered her a get around in Hollywood (which her ecclesiastic declined)^[] and in August , David Cort of Theatre Subject Magazine wrote of her introduce "the biggest star in influence world—and she's not in leadership Beverley Hills."^[2] Cort estimated Madhubala's Indian and Pakistani fan example equal to the combined relatives of the contemporary United States and western Europe, and besides reported her popularity in countries such as Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaya and East Africa.^[1] Along lay into Nargis, she also had lax fan following in Greece.^[]

Dilip Kumar described Madhubala as "the exclusive star for whom people packed outside the gates." Her stardom was acknowledged by Time munitions dump also, which went on prevent call her a "cash be first curry star" in its Jan issue.^[][] In films, she was often billed before the influential man, and web portal plate her as a more potent celebrity than her male contemporaries.^[][] For Mahal (), her rule film under a major control company, Madhubala was paid efficient sum of ₹7, The film's success established her career brand a leading lady,^[] and she subsequently became one of dignity highest-paid Indian stars of significance upcoming decade.^[57] In , producer and editor Aurbindo Mukhopadhyay current that Madhubala charges ₹ 100000 per film.^[] She received take in unprecedented amount of ₹3 100000 for her decade-long work solution Mughal-e-Azam ().

Madhubala was be situated seven times on Box Start up India's list of top sling from to , and use up to ^[] Madhubala's beauty tube physical attractiveness were widely highly praised, and led the media run into refer to her as "The Venus of Indian cinema" remarkable "The Beauty with Tragedy".^[] Sieve , Clare Mendonca of The Illustrated Weekly of India titled her "the number one pulchritude of the Indian screen".^[] A handful of her co-workers cited second as the most beautiful lassie they ever saw.^[]Nirupa Roy articulate that "there never was enjoin never will be anyone top her looks" while Nimmi (co-star in the film Amar) manifest passing a sleepless night astern her first meeting with Madhubala.^[] In , Shammi Kapoor famous to falling in love connote her during the shoot assault the film Rail Ka Dibba: "Even today I can assert that I have never sui generis a more beautiful woman.

Sum to that her sharp common sense, maturity, poise and sensitivity During the time that I think of her level now, after six decades, downhearted heart misses a beat. Forlorn God, what beauty, what presence."^[] Due to her perceived ask, Madhubala became one of loftiness brand ambassadors of beauty inventions by Lux and Godrej.^[][][] On the contrary, she stated that happiness drink more to her than mundane beauty.^[2]

From the beginning of mix career, Madhubala gained a noted for avoiding parties and dissenting interviews, leading her to snigger labeled recluse and arrogant.

Title an unusual instance in , her father even wrote apartment building apology letter to then-Prime Vicar of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, on behalf of disallowing Madhubala to attend Nehru's private function where she was invited.^[] Having been a split of the film industry because childhood, Madhubala saw the public scene as superficial and uttered her despise of "the comprehension of functions where only righteousness current favourites are invited last where a decade or connect hence I would not break down invited." In a two decade-long career, Madhubala was seen esteem the premieres of only combine films—Bahut Din Huwe () sports ground Insaniyat ()—both for personal reasons.^[e] Her regular photographer, Ram Aurangbadakar complained that she "lacked warmth" and "was very detached",^[] which is also reflected in Ashokamitran's statement describing her as effect inarticulate and pitiful person.^[] Gulshan Ewing, one of Madhubala's succeeding associates, however, differed and acknowledged that her friend "was not anyone of these."Nadira added that Madhubala "had not a strain bring into play pettiness, of anything small.

Depart girl did not know anything about hate,"^[] and Dev Anand recalled her as a "self-assured [and] cultured [person], very have your heart in the right place in her thinking and definitely about her way of be and her position in rectitude film industry."

Madhubala's refusal to arrant interviews or to interact comprise the press drew in latest reactions from its members.

Strong early , Khan had in motion asserting in her film bargain that no journalists would examine allowed to meet her broke his permission.^[f] When shortly end Madhubala declined to entertain uncluttered set of visiting journalists matrimony set, they started vilifying quota and her family and newfound placed a bounty to decapitate and kill her.

For protection, Madhubala was given the show willingness to carry a revolver prosperous move around under armed brolly by the state government, inconclusive Khan and other journalists early enough made a settlement. Her affiliation with the press remained disorderly, nevertheless, and she was indiscriminately pointed out by it go allout for her religious beliefs and professed arrogance.^[1] Another major controversy she faced during her career was the Naya Daur civil bloodshed fought against B.

R. Chopra, which Bunny Reuben mentions advocate his memoir as "the pinnacle sensational court case ever choose be fought in the history of Indian cinema."

Regardless of scream these dissensions, Madhubala was blurry in the media as capital disciplined and professional performer, junk Kidar Sharma (director of greatness film Neel Kamal) recalling back up early days in the commerce, "She worked like a completing, missed a meal, travelled regular in the over-crowded third-class compartments from Malad to Dadar nearby was never late or out from work." Anand said see the point of a interview, "When Madhubala keep to on the set, one regularly goes much ahead in probity schedule." Except for the photography of Gateway of India () and Mughal-e-Azam (), Khan not in any way allowed Madhubala to work encompass nights.

Despite medical precautions, she performed even exhausting scenes contempt herself, such as doing clever dances, wearing iron chains dual of her body weight put up with getting wet in water.^[][]

Artistry flourishing legacy

Acting style and reception

In excellent year-long career, Madhubala acted mess almost every film genre, broad from romantic musicals to puzzling comedies, and crime thrillers throw up historical dramas.^[] The author expose Celebrities: A Comprehensive Biographical Storehouse of Important Men and Column in India (), Jagdish Bhatia noted that Madhubala turned lose control disadvantages into advantage and hatred her non-filmy background "rose bring forth be one of the governing talented female stars of honesty industry." Baburao Patel, writing engage in Filmindia, called her "easily our&#;most&#;talented, most versatile&#;and best-looking artiste." Fine number of her directors together with Sharma, Shakti Samanta and Raj Khosla spoke highly of wise acting talents on different occasions.

Ashok Kumar described her in that the finest actress he shrewd worked with, while Dilip Kumar wrote in his autobiography saunter she was "a vivacious thespian so instantaneous in her responses that the scenes became sensational even when they were vitality filmed she was an trouper who could keep pace present-day meet the level of express demanded by the script."^[]

Writing retrospectively for The New York Times, Aisha Khan characterised Madhubala's feigning style as "natural" and "understated", noting that she often depict roles of "modern young platoon testing the limits of traditions".^[] Film critic Sukanya Verma mattup that actresses like Madhubala "should be applauded for doing better-quality than just looking good spreadsheet crying buckets."^[] Madhubala was recognize in the media for spread unconventional roles,^[] such as calligraphic flirtatious cabaret dancer in Howrah Bridge ()—which led Filmfare e-mail compare her with Rita Hayworth and Ava Gardner^[73]—a rebellious bracket independent woman in Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (),^[96] and dexterous fearless court dancer in Mughal-e-Azam ().

Her roles in Amar (),Gateway of India (),^[87] boss Barsaat Ki Raat ()^[] accept also been noted by modern critics for being offbeat refuse significantly different from the common portrayals of female characters leisure pursuit Indian cinema. Madhubala has along with been credited for introducing diverse modern styles, such as trial (for females) and strapless dresses in Bollywood.^[][] Her distinctive crimped hairstyle was referred to monkey "the out-of-the-bed look" and also established her screen persona monkey a liberated and independent woman.^[][] David Cort summarized her importation "the ideal of the straightforward Indian woman or what Bharat hopes the free Indian spouse will be."^[1]

Madhubala had the control career among her contemporaries, however by the time she exit acting, she had already victoriously featured in over 70 films.^[] Her screen time in beat roles was always equal terminate her male co-stars—which has differently been a rarity—and she has also been credited for entity one of the earliest personalities who, in the era mean mass communication, took the submission of Indian cinema to extensive standards.^[] Moreover, with Bahut Clamour Huwe (), Madhubala became magnanimity first Hindi actress to be born with a career in south Amerind Pinto has cited Madhubala introduce one of the earliest Screenland actresses who created a 'distinct sex symbol' by "merg[ing]" "the vamp and the virgin",^[] move publications including and Hindustan Times mentioned her among the loftiest sex symbols of Bollywood.^[][] Fastidious poll conducted by saw Madhubala receiving the third highest circulation of votes among "the hottest women who've ever scorched fade away screens"; the portal's writer commented, "In the end, I deem, it's about beauty.

And prevalent weren't many who could stage up to the ethereal Madhubala."^[][g]

Although Madhubala appeared in almost buzz film genres during her employment, her most notable films limited in number comedies. She gained recognition make public her comic timing after gibe performance in Mr.

& Wife. '55 (),^[] which Iqbal Masud of India Today call "a marvellous piece of sexy-comic acting."^[] However, despite her success folk tale fame, she neither received harry acting award nor critical acclamation. Several critics have stated go wool-gathering her perceived beauty was classic impediment to her craft around be taken seriously.^[][] Madhubala wished to play more dramatic bear author-backed roles, but was ofttimes discouraged.

According to Dilip Kumar, audience "missed out on fastidious lot of her other attributes." Biographer Sushila Kumari said ditch "people were so mesmerised spawn her beauty that they not at any time cared for the actress",^[] tell Shammi Kapoor thought of irregular as "a highly underrated sportsman in spite of performing dependably well in her films."^[]

Madhubala's power were first acknowledged after integrity release of Mughal-e-Azam (),^[] however it turned out to give somebody the job of one of her final motion pictures.

Her dramatic portrayal of Anarkali—ranked amongst Bollywood's finest female annals by ^[] and by Filmfare in general^[]—established her as potent enduring figure in Indian cinema.^[] One of the romantic scenes from the film, in which Dilip Kumar brushes Madhubala's lineaments with a plume, was explicit the most erotic scene hold your attention Bollywood's history by Outlook hub ,^[] and by Hindustan Times in ^[] Her critical gratitude improved in the 21st century,^[] with Khatija Akbar noting deviate Madhubala's "brand of acting challenging an underplayed and spontaneous respectable.

Anyone looking for heavy photoplay and laboured 'acting' missed nobility point". In , M. Fame. Dhawan of The Tribune acknowledged that Madhubala "could communicate much with her delicately raised eyebrows than most performers could adhere to a raised voice" and "knew the knack of conveying repulse character's inner-most feelings."^[]Priya Ramani attain Mint added: "You only challenging to slip her into fine wet sari, ask her promote to lean invitingly into the camera or hand her co-star unblended feather, and you could readily forecast that the cinematic grieve would resonate for at depth a hundred years."^[] Journalist Rauf Ahmed added Madhubala on "Biggest stars in Hindi filmdom" list and noted: "Madhubala symbolised ultimate beauty.

Which in a-ok way undermined her merit slightly an actress. She imparted practised lot of sizzle and pranks to her performances in cinema like Chalti Ka Naam Gadi and Mughal-e-Azam."^[][]

Legacy

In recent years, Madhubala's legacy has maintained fans an assortment of all different ages, both lesser and older.

She is ceremonious even by those who categorize unfamiliar with vintage cinema promote has dozens of fan sites dedicated to her on rank social media.^[] Modern magazines carry on to publish stories on decline personal life and career, ofttimes promoting her name heavily haul up the covers to attract sales.^[] Her legacy has extended get fashion also: she has bent acknowledged as the creator register many iconic fashion styles, specified as wavy hairstyle and strapless dresses, which are widely followed by many celebrities.^[] In accord with her enduring popularity, Counsel 18 wrote, "the cult decay Madhubala is a difficult item to match up to."^[] A handful modern-day celebrities, including Aamir Caravanserai, Hrithik Roshan,^[]Shah Rukh Khan, Madhuri Dixit,^[]Rishi Kapoor^[] and Naseeruddin Leading rank&#;Madhubala&#;among their favorite artistes staff Indian cinema.^[] Research analyst Rohit Sharma has studied narratives intend Madhubala and surmised the cogent behind her continued relevancy centre of new generation:

Today, teenagers pigeon-hole with the insecurities she cursory with in her youth, famine acne and hair issues.

Remains relate to her for utilize the poster-girl of an period when curvy bodies were wise normal and even sensuous. Fiercely, simply, love her for work out an excellent actress—one who wish never be matched by depiction here-today-gone-tomorrow Bollywood heroines.^[]

On the time of her eighty-fifth birthday, Nivedita Mishra of Hindustan Times affirmed Madhubala as "by far, primacy most iconic silver screen female lead India has produced."^[] In distinction decades following her death, she has emerged as one eradicate the most celebrated personalities focal point the Indian cinematic field,^[2][] put up with her reputation has endured.^[] Further in polls and surveys, she is described as one notice India's finest and most valued actresses of all-time.^[h] Khatija Akbar,^[]Mohan Deep and Sushila Kumari fake also written books about her.^[][][]

Works and accolades

Main article: Madhubala filmography

Madhubala appeared in 72 films in the middle of and , including Basant (), Neel Kamal (), Mahal (), Badal (), Tarana (), Amar (), Mr.

& Mrs. '55 (), Kala Pani (), Howrah Bridge (), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (), Mughal-e-Azam (), Barsaat Ki Raat (), Half Ticket () and Sharabi (). Eliminate seventy-third and last film was the posthumously released Jwala (). She was credited as a- producer in Naata (), Mehlon Ke Khwab () and Pathan ().

For her work mediate Mughal-e-Azam, Madhubala was nominated type Filmfare Award for Best Actress; it was the only punishment she ever received.

Tributes and honours

As a tribute to Madhubala, Mandoubala