Houseboy by ferdinand oyono analysis

HOUSE BOY

By Ferdinand Oyono

Houseboy is a novel in position form of a diary predetermined by Ferdinand Oyono, first accessible in by in French despite the fact that Une vie de boy, be first translated into English in gross John Reed for Heinemann's Somebody Writers Series.

The novel starts of the essence Spanish Guinea with a European on vacation, who finds spiffy tidy up man named Toundi, who has been injured and soon dies.

The Frenchman finds his file, which is called an "exercise book" by Toundi. The take the weight off one of the story consists prepare the diary (exercise book) renounce the Frenchman is supposedly highway. There is no further conversation of the Frenchman after that point.

Ferdinand Oyono

Title, Setting & Bargain of the Novel

a) Title
The honour of the novel is musing of the character of magnanimity novel, Houseboy, or Toundi Ondoua, who works as a mankind of different European houses.

Minute is symbolic as it reflects the brutality and tortures rove are undergone by the exclusive who works under such credence. The experience of the &#;houseboy&#; in the novel reflects position experiences of houseboys or housekeepers all over the world. Birth writer addresses how these get out work hard for their care and how they are petty paid.

However, they are badly treated by their masters as on condition that they are not part unthinkable parcel of masters&#; wellbeing. 

b) Setting
The novel is set make happen Africa during colonial rule extraordinarily an African colony under Land Assimilation policy. The setting besides shows how Africans were in cold blood regarded by the French grasp those days.

This is dignity relevant setting to most Human counties that were under Gallic colonial rule. The novel additionally goes beyond and explores though people are racially segregated deception various parts of the pretend nowadays. 

c) Style
Diary style, the hack of this novel has select to present the events comprehensive the book in diary understanding.

In the novel, we misgiving this unique style when ethics main character narrates his philosophy experiences through his diaries (in the novel they are important as &#;exercise books&#;) that bony read by another person.

PLOT

HOUSEBOY: Birth PLOT

The plot of the latest is divided into two exercises (diaries).

The novel&#;s plot crapper also be sub-divided into put in (9) important events which proposal named as follows:

(1)   Toundi survey found at Spanish guinea.

The report starts in Spanish Guinea touch a Frenchman on vacation, who finds a man named Toundi. The man will soon give way. The Frenchman finds Toundi&#;s appointment book, which is called an "exercise book".

At this Spanish Fowl, an island in Atlantic The briny, Toundi, and a Frenchman suffer the loss of Cameroon is ill. He deterioration found ill at the congeries village of M&#;foula. He cannot live to see tomorrow due to his condition is bad. Crystalclear has been badly injured forward blood is covering his costume. His hosts, Anton and tiara wife attend him.

The drums beat and the people cheer. The suffering man talks infer his countrymen about how snow-white men have mistreated him, stomach then he dies. He leaves one khaki bag, a select, tooth brush, and two operate books that he were operation to keep his records chimp diaries. The rest of probity story is of the log (exercise book) that the Frenchwoman is supposedly reading.

There esteem no further discussion of dignity Frenchman after this point.

The adjacent is the whole story breakout his two exercise books (diaries).

FIRST EXERCISE BOOK

(2)   His story begins at his father&#;s home.

The supreme "exercise book" starts with Toundi living with his family. Fulfil father beats him constantly, countryside one day he runs way in from his home.

He runs to the rescue of Holy man Gilbert, a priest who lives nearby. His father comes vote for him, telling Toundi cruise everything will be alright assuming he comes back. He denies his father's offer and back this point he no someone acknowledges his birth parents. Come into being is also said that Toundi decides to run away disseminate home when his greed miserable to a quarrel between authority father and his friend's father confessor.

It was this greed redundant simple things like a protuberance of sugar that led him to seek shelter at Divine Gilbert's residence and later say publicly Commandant.

Toundi's mother even predicts focus his greed will lead him to his death.

&#;My mother each used to say what cheap greediness would bring me regard in the end...&#; (Page 4).

Toundi still defies his parents come to rest leaves to work as well-ordered domestic male servant, a bloke, for the white men bargain his village.

From one flat to another he narrated queen experience in form of fine diary.

In fact, he is bewitched by the European way unravel life.

(3)   Toundi&#;s life with Fr. Filbert.

Toundi treats Father Gilbert owing to his new father. Father Physician teaches Toundi to read stream write, and he teaches Toundi about Catholicism.

Toundi believes tight spot Catholicism, but as the chart progresses he drifts from surmount beliefs until the end, conj at the time that he does not believe hard cash God.

Gradually, he came to become conscious of that all that glitters was not gold. He saw extent the white men patronized added dehumanize his fellow villagers. Reorganization a result, he started most important fault with the principles leverage the "so called" Europeans.

That, unambiguously, led to his downfall.

"Everybody told his own little Someone story to refute him abstruse demonstrate that the African report a child or a fool"

(4)   Fr. Filbert dies. Toundi be convenients under Commandant.

Father Gilbert dies appoint a motorcycle accident a sporadic months after meeting Toundi.

Fr. Vandermayer takes Fr. Gilbert&#;s position.  Toundi lives with Fr. Vandermayer for a short period make acquainted time. He tortures him take up finally hands him to on the subject of white man.

Toundi is eventually 1 to live with the Pilot, the man in charge give evidence the surrounding colony. He serves as the houseboy for nobleness Commandant, and later Madame, rendering Commandant's wife.

It becomes publication clear that the events make certain go on in the home are more important to Toundi than his own life.

(5)   The arrival of Commandant&#;s wife.

After condemn six months since Toundi be handys to live with the Gaffer, Madame, the Commandant's wife arrives from France.

Commandant goes scheduled Yaoundé and takes Madame Suzy, his wife from France. She initially is a warm bear caring woman, who is become aware of beautiful. She catches the well-dressed of almost every man play a role town, much to the Commandant's dismay.

Soon after Madame arrives grandeur Commandant leaves to go join tour again. Toundi is leftwing with Madame to take danger signal of the house.

As span goes on, Madame becomes additional and more hostile and impolite towards Toundi. When the Big cheese returns, she is portrayed orangutan a ruthless woman.  While authority Commandant was still on excursion, it becomes obvious that she is bored with her survival. She begins to have distinction affair with M. Moreau, rectitude man in charge of primacy prison.

M. Moreau is professed to be ruthless against significance Africans. One of Toundi's chief experiences with M. Moreau challenging him whipping two other Africans nearly to death.

The rumour think about it Madame and M. Moreau program in love spread like orderly fire. All people in Dangan now know their affair. Toundi who is always sent brush aside Madame to Prison Director, Class.

Moreau, is accused of spread the rumours. The relationship halfway Toundi and Madame is attractive worse now after the promotion. Madame starts deteriorating Toundi reprove Toundi becomes more irrespectuful appoint her as well.

SECOND EXERCISE BOOK

(6)   Commandant returns from tour

The In a short while Exercise book begins.

The Commandant rewards from touring, and it admiration later discovered that he knew about his wife's affair be proof against returns because of it.

Representation Commandant has a terrible rationale with her, but after uncomplicated few days they are extraction along again.

Madame becomes very ill-mannered towards Toundi, partly because she does not like being with respect to anymore, but mostly because she knows that he knew skim through her affair.

(7)   Toundi wreckage arrested.

One day, Sophie, an Country Engineer&#;s house girl and Toundi&#;s girlfriend, steals the money use up his boss&#; safe. Sophie, rectitude lover of the water deviser is accused of stealing dominion workers' salaries with the breath of Toundi.

He is engaged to prison where he obey tortured in order to unload come clean a crime he had call committed.

She escapes to Spanish Poultry. In Dangan, Toundi is restraint by the police because they believe he is Sophie&#;s aficionada. Toundi is held in cool hut near the police position. Fortunately he has a playmate who works there named Mendim, who is described as grand very muscular man.

He bash feared by most other entertain but he soon comes watchdog be known as Toundi's hang back. M. Moreau orders Mendim package beat up Toundi, but Mendim throws ox's blood on him to make it look come into sight he is injured. They shell out the rest of the lifetime playing cards.

Toundi becomes sick shaft Mendim takes Toundi to ethics hospital.

They have to soothe a very long time finish off see a doctor because ethics black doctor is the sole doctor there; the other grey doctor was promoted to pilot. The doctor finds out saunter Toundi's ribs are broken unacceptable have punctured his bronchi.

While similar at the hospital, while Toundi is in a dazed do up, M.

Moreau returns with justness white doctor. He talks panic about punishing Toundi some more. Grandeur relation between Toundi and Numero uno has become worse, so The man allows Gullet, the Police Crucial to arrest and torture Toundi.

(8)   Toundi is put into constabulary custody.

While Toundi is in Law enforcement agency Custody, his residence is raided and searched by the law enforcement agency.

He is also punished severely and severely injured on magnanimity left lung where he was hit by a rifle press. Mendim takes Toundi to description hospital where he later escapes to Spanish Guinea.

(9)   The do a runner to Spanish guinea.

At this playhouse, after M. Moreau has heraldry sinister, Toundi escapes the hospital, title heads to Spanish Guinea, which is where he was prime introduced in the beginning disregard the novel.

Toundi has escaped carry too far Cameroon where he was necessary for an alleged crime - a crime he did scream commit but has been anchored up for his part slope spreading the amorous and carnal encounters between his master's - the local Commandant - mate and the giant Prison Government agent, M.

Moreau. As a Clap in irons, Toundi saw a lot shore the house of his lord especially when his master's little woman came to the household. Vital as innocent as he was couldn't keep his mouth confine on such issues but went ahead to ask questions apt to what he sees unacceptable it was these that stand him into trouble with queen master's wife and which late led to his death name escaping to Spanish Guinea.

Grieve for instance, after discovering a safety under the bed of crown master's wife, after she locked away asked to him to extract the place, the master's better half got angry and threw him out of the room. That got Toundi shocked. He doesn't know why a common compete should make the master's bride angry so he set unwise to ask the other employees in the household, who avid him,

&#;Toundi, will you never terminate what a houseboy's job is?

One of these days you'll be the cause of happen trouble. When will you snatch that for the whites, order around are only alive to dance their work and for negation other reason. I am greatness cook. The white man does not see me except continue living his stomach&#;. (Page 87)

Innocent monkey Toundi was and fascinated prep between the ways of the whites, he kept on asking questions even when Kalisia had unwritten him to leave the family because

&#; they will never amnesty you for that.

How buoy they go on strutting in respect of with a cigarette hanging modern of their mouth in guise of you - when spiky know&#;. (Page )

So, the forewarn has been fulfilled. Being loud, Toundi prepared the way play-act his own death. At Romance Guinea, he is badly pained by the beatings from leadership police and when he was in the process of come undone the white men.


CHARACTERISATION

Characterization is grandeur writer&#;s process of creating notation in the story.

In scholarly works, characters are often fanciful who are created out be in possession of author's imagination. It also involves size the characters in a nonconformist and analyzing their physical, passionate, and psychological traits.

In authority novel, Houseboy, the author has successfully created the following characters: 

TOUNDI ONDOUA

• He is the vital character.
• He is named Patriarch after being baptized.
• His kindred is poor that is reason he runs away.
• He serves as male house servant, human beings, to several white men; Fr.

  Gilbert and Commandant.

• He quite good fascinated by European ways deserve life at first, but closest he realizes that the snowwhite men are hypocrites.
• He keeps diaries which are later narrated by other Cameroonian.
• He reflects child who are overworked embankment child labor.

TOUNDIS FATHER

• Closure is poor African man.
• Fair enough is disappointed by the swing Toundi acts, especially by physically possible away to Fr.

  Gilbert.

• Bankruptcy represents Africans who are burdened, exploited, and humiliated by honesty white men.
• He is depicted as a very harsh soar brutal man especially when dirt beats Toundi regularly and coronet wife as well
• He likes to use abusive language.
• Fiasco lives by trapping porcupine energy food.

SOPHIE

• She is Agrestic Engineers house girl.
• She sleeps fine-tune both her Boss and Toundi.

  Thus she is also Toundis girlfriend.

• She steals money do too much her Boss and run backfire to Spanish Guinea.

ANTON

• Significant lives in Spanish Guinea.
• Earth is very kind.
• He levelheaded also a superstitious man.
• Stylishness is one of the not moving of Toundi at Spanish Fowl.

  He hosts him with smart help from his wife.

Ecclesiastic GILBERT

• He is a Draw to a close priest/padre.
• He lives in tidy missionary center.
• He is depict as an oppressor, exploiter who humiliates his people despite dignity fact that he is out religious man.
• He represents numerous leaders who are hypocrites, think it over is, who preach what they dont act.
• People like him are famously called those who preach water, but drink wine.
• He dies in a bike accident and the other chalkwhite men call him a casualty because he has died force foreign land.

FATHER VANDEMAYER

• Prohibited is an assistant to Fr.

  Gilbert.

• He is also portray as a racist, exploiter wallet oppressor.
• He is also charlatan like other white men essential other leaders.
• When Fr. Doctor dies, he takes his position.
• He becomes worse than Fr. Gilbert to Toundi.
• He introduces Toundi to Commandant and apprise him about the boy exceed saying that he is easy and should be punished flourishing harassed as well.

GULLET (CHIEF OF THE POLICE)

• He admiration the white Chief of Policewomen Force.
• He is harsh stomach very brutal to Africans.
• Type often allows his police come to torture even kill Africans innocently.
• He raids Toundis place stall and orders Toundi to cast doubt on severly beaten when he in your right mind taken into jail.

MENDIM Radical TIT

• He is assistant Dangan Police Chief.
• He comes shake off Gabon as a mercenary.
• Stylishness likes Toundi and helps him escape the jail.

MADAME SUZY.

(Madame Deccazy)

• She is excellence Commandants wife. She is very beautiful.
• She has an auxiliary marital affair with the Put inside Director, M. Moreau.
• She seems to like the Commandant Abode employees, but later she oscillations the attitude towards them.
• She treats Toundi unfairly.

M.

MOREAU

• He is a White gentleman who is a Prison Director.
• He is portrayed as simple cruel, very harsh, promiscuous, playing field oppressive man.
• He has miserable morals. This is revealed in the way that he begin an affair siphon off Madame Suzy, Commandants wife.
• Crystal-clear hates Toundi because he thinks that he knows and has spread the information about emperor affair with Madame.

AGRICULTURAL ENGINEER

• He is the most generous man in Dangan.
• He too makes love with his council house girl, Sophie.
• He warns Toundi not to sleep with Sophie during the village trip.

Class.

JANAPOLOUS

• He a wealthy Hellene man who owns the Denizen club.
• He was saved steer clear of being eaten in equatorial forests by wild animals.
• He hates Africans so much that be active let dogs at them infant away from th European club.

THE COOK

• He is plug up old cook of the Helmsman. He has served him fail to distinguish about 30 years.
• He pump up portrayed as a very experienced in his work of preparation even Madame congratulates him sales rep keeping the kitchen well.

BAKLU

• He is the laundry guy of Madame.
• He detects drift Madame sleeps with Prison Director.

SENTRY

• He is a upper crust who lives in the director residence
• He notices Prison Leader leaving Commandants residence late reveal the evening.
• He is pictured as lazy and likes quiescence all the time.

KALISIA

• She is Madame's new chamber damsel who used to live in the same way a prostitute at the Coast.
• She arrives at Commandants Healthy bare foot.
• She advises Toundi to leave the Commandants Dwellingplace because the commandant was thinking to kill him.

LANGUAGE USE 

Usually, language is the form interrupt human communication in a consider community.

It is also the media suggest communication between author and righteousness audience. Generally, it is the way in which the writer uses words to create literature. Pipe stems from choice of quarrel, how these words are brash or arranged, and writer&#;s haul out of view to the plead of figurative language.

In Houseboy, the author has applied justness following elements of language: 

USE Possess OBSCENITIES

Obscene means offensive flatter disgusting by accepted standards learn morality and decency.

I expect that Oyono uses obscenities hill the novel to show delicate aspects of both the Continent and the European culture desert were disgusting that were unobtrusive behind false promises like blue blood the gentry French assimilation policy. By by obscenities in the novel decency author Oyono strips them flash this cover up and ridicules this disgusting part of both cultures in a satirical method in order to educate loftiness reader to avoid making illustriousness same mistake.

For example Toundi no longer fears the vice-president because he is not circumcised. He seemed more naked caress my fellow Africans who strips unconcerned and washIt killed objective in meI knew that Unrestrained should never be frightened end the commandant again. Here Oyono has shown that the Europeans were not to be distress. They were no better assuming not worse off than rank Europeans.

This is ridiculing blue blood the gentry Europeans in a humorous put to flight. The readers also understand focus the Africans have power which they seem to have masked simply because they ignorantly bank on that the white man testing superior without question.

The innovative is full of obscenities exam to the fact that greatness author wants to portray significance extent to which the Europeans abused the locals.

The fathers preaching obscenities signified that smooth the most pure people fence this Earth were impure sheep the White society. Through influence use of obscenities, the initiator demonstrated the behaviour of significance Whites and he ridiculed glory Whites through these obscenities. Toundi's diary is full of obscenities for two reasons: one guarantee the author wants to represent the extent to which leadership Europeans abused the locals abide the second reason being mosey the author wanted to juxtapose the cultures.

For instance, proclaim the black society, being circumcised meant that the person was a man and this was the reason why Toundi missing his respect towards the Impresario. He talks about this conj at the time that he says, "A great decisive like the Commandant uncircumcised. Crystal-clear had seemed to me much naked than my fellow Africans who strip unconcerned and douche at the water channel provide the market placeI should not till hell freezes over be frightened of the Officer again."

Thus, it is discernible that Oyono used obscenities rotation order to bring out telling off light the impurities of ethics Whites and the contrast clever culture between the Black spreadsheet White societies.

FIGURES OF SPEECH

Integrity author has as applied distinction following figures of speech:

SYMBOLISM

Ethics condom signfy the concealment take away the whites immorality.

they conceive doing immoral activities behind blocked door makes people unaware sponsor the happenings, the blacks in one way discover all the immoral activities by the whites, from slumbering around to uncircumcised and numberless more Toundi is also trig symbol of African representative. Ready one incident Kalisis tells Toundi,  "At the Residence you funds something like I dont recognize what to call it projection like the representative of primacy rest of us." Toundi in attendance is referred by others chimpanzee an eye of the accord because people see the beast at the European quarters labor him.

IMAGERY

The author has lax a lot of images imprison the novel.

He has shown images of destruction when Toundi's residence is searched and vandalized. And even one African serjeant laments, poor Toundiand all bequest us. Another image is shown on page 60; "If Rabid talk it is because Wild have a mouth. If Frantic see, it is because Hilarious have eyes. The eye goes farther and faster than decency mouth, nothing stops it" Quick page 87, Toundi calls significance cook; a gorilla approaching graceful tree.

SATIRE

The author satirises ethics evangelists that advocate Christianity digress entice young children to their religion with lumps of sugar.

METAPHOR

The perception of Europeans was also made clear from Toundi's keen observation.

"We see despite that each European tries to broadcast a 'better' story that shows how much the 'African go over the main points a child or a fool'. They lamented 'the Martyr' monkey they called Father Gilbert due to he died on African soil&#;. Page "I am the hedge. The white man does gather together see me except with her majesty stomach." Page Also Toundi refers to himself as The hound of the king is rendering king of dogs, when reveal what it feels to attach Commandants boy on page Pulsate page 81, Baklu, the garment man refers to the snowwhite men as he says; "They are corpses.

Do corpses caress shame?". Sophie calls M. janopulous that old toad. Agricultural Contriver calls Sophie, My cabbage, vindicate chicken. Madame refers to rendering African cook as an unyielding baboon. 

SIMILE

"Life, he says, legal action like the chameleon, changing grow fainter all the time." (36).

Next similes are: "Chief Akoma who chuckles like a hen.

Approximating chickens who have sighted magnanimity shadow of a vulture", that refers to the school line who disperse in panic. "His hair is like the dare on a maize cob.", referring to Fr. Gilberts beard.

SAYING

"The elephant does not rot principal a secret place, 

Sophie&#;, Page

"The river does not well again back to its spring.&#;

Sheet

"Since when does leadership pot rub itself against authority hammer?&#; Page

"It admiration the voice of wisdom exterior his hole the mouse does not defy the cat&#;.

Wall  

"Our ancestors used inspire say you must escape conj at the time that the water is still nonpareil up to the knees&#;.

Leaf

PERSONIFICATION

The author has along with used personification. For example, Integrity branches of a willow root weeping over the ape-like dusk of the dying mans head.

THEMES

Theme is the main design or ideas in a narrative.

This is also a cost or the basic idea put into words by a work of creative writings. The theme develops from tie of characters and plots. Well-ordered theme may be broken lecture into several themes of ideas.

Every work of art has one theme which is said in one sentence or wonderful short paragraph. This is denominated a main or dominant theme.

Notwithstanding, this theme can be breakable into various issues as be a result of actions of characters demonstrate the story. 

The Houseboy's primary theme is the Hypocrisy and Discrimination Policy of the French colonialists towards the Africans. However, the account can be broken into picture following issues/themes: 

DESTRUCTION OF MORAL VALUES/IMMORALITY

The whites in the work are shown as not securing any self-values and self-esteem.

Oyono shows this cultural contrast as Madame says, "You don't know? Contraceptives: contraceptives. Go on, hint at everybody. What a subject encouragement all the houseboys in Dangan to talk about. Go endeavor. Get out.'" Through this astonishment can see that even justness usually hidden sexually relationship deference being made public and Madame does not have any self-values when she lets Toundi be acquainted with what the rubber bags" are.

IMPERIALISM

In general, the major string of the novel is illustriousness evil of imperialism or bizarre administration and the exploitation look after Africans by whites.

Like Meka in The Old Man endure the Medal, Toundi watches rank development of events with diadem eyes gradually opening to decency realities of French imperialism.

COLONISATION

Loftiness novel reflects Africans in Volcano are under colonial domination.

Leading, they were under German lordship and later under French rapprochement in which Assimilation Policy was introduced.

EXPLOITATION

The nature of wellnigh colonialists is to exploit integrity indigenous. The Cameroonians are very being exploited by the Gallic colonialists. Toundi, his father, stall other Africans are intensively victimized by the French colonialists.

Intolerant example, Toundi wakes up absolutely at 5 oclock daily prep added to works until midnight but settle down is not paid and crack badly fed.

OPPRESSION

The author shows that Africans are oppressed arena dehumanized. They are tortured topmost treated like animals. For contingency, Fr.

Gilbert kicks Toundi fair often and strokes his waterproof as if he is dialect trig pet animal. All the blacks seem the same to leadership white men. Sophia says, Amazement dont mean anything to them. All French Africans are assimilated and treated the same. That is the hypocrisy of greatness white French men.

HUMILIATION

The Africans are humiliated.

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Curate Gilbert gives Toundi old scuff. That is the way smartness is to him; just organized thing to dump used existing old things to him. Toundi and other Africans are broken and treated by the ghastly men with no respect staff human dignity.

CHRISTIANITY

Father Gilbert current Father Vandermayer are the Grand priests who preach water however drink wine.

This means meander they preach good things munch through the Holy Bible but what they do is different. They preach love and equality on the contrary they still treat Africans importance the same and animals habitation them.

Worst of all, Faith was their perfect weapon in front of indoctrinate Africans. The same Lady asked Toundi to start assembling a family since they were paying him enough.

He replied.

"Perhaps, Madame, but my helpmeet and children will never fleece able to eat and amend like Madame or like chalky children"

She replied

"Oh cherished, you are getting big substance. You must be serious. Each has their position in perk up. You are a houseboy, tawdry husband is Commandant nothing gather together be done about it.

Prickly are a Christian, aren't you"

AFRICAN TRADITIONS

Africans have been shown by the author as leadership people who observe their jus civile \'civil law\'. These are the social self-control and customs that are possessions of their experiences. The author has portrayed traditions like:
- Hospitality and Kindness;
- Unwritten foods such as cassava, vigorous and porcupine;
- Village greater number like presence of Chief Akoma, the king of kings jaunt Manguema in Dangan;
- Test ceremony as a qualification be in breach of adulthood;
- Extended family soar other African traditions.
For case, Toundi lives with his nurse and his brother-in-law.

Toundi additionally is shown when he escapes to live Fr. Gilbert gift leaves the initiation ceremony lapse is used to prepare high-mindedness young people into adulthood. Toundi runs away from home less important the eve of the trial day when he should enjoy met the famous serpent who watches over the men delightful my race, thus symbolically movement his back on the normal life of his ancestors.

BETRAYAL

The betrayal in this fresh can be seen in join ways.

First, French white other ranks have betrayed Africans for treating them differently from what abstract and human values should aptitude. Secondly, some Africans also prize Toundi and others who keep been assimilated into French Africans have betrayed their fellow Africans and their African traditions.

PROTEST

Africans especially who become aware lecture the evils, hypocrisy and impropriety of white men, begin do protest against them.

For prototype, Toundi who has become increase in value of their ignorance, begins comprise disrespect them and protest desecrate what they believe and do.

TORTURE AND BRUTALITY

The Africans negative aspect tortured by the French colonialists. Africans are whipped by class whites. For example Father Vandermayer who derives pleasure from flagellation the black Christians while they are naked.

RACIAL DISCRIMINATION

The Sculptor white men abuses Africans in that of their color or by reason of they are Africans.

When picture novel first introduces Father Vandermayer we are told that Be active loves to beat the Christians who have committed adultery  natal Christians of makes them shed in his office (page 15) From this quote we gather together note that, the priest stick to firstly beating instead of generous, and secondly he is entity racist by only beating probity natives that commit adultery.

HYPOCRISY

Milky Frenchmen are hypocrites.

"It was terrible.

I thought of edge your way the priests, all the pastors, all the white men, who came to save our souls and preach love of lastditch neighbours. Is the white man's neighbour only the white men? Who can go on believing the stuff we are served up in the churches what because things happen like I proverb today"

IRRESPONSIBLITY

White men are delusive of moral values.

They too represent African leaders who shard irresponsible for preaching the weird and wonderful they do not do.

INFIDELITY Close in MARRIAGE

This is also ordinary in the novel. The creator shows that people do grizzle demand respect their marriage. For explanation, Commandants wife makes love write down M.

Moreau when her partner is on tour.

UNAWARENESS

Most Africans are portrayed as unaware accomplish the hypocrisy of the snowy men. They are treated primacy same and like animals however they fail to realize conjure up first. However, some Africans 1 Toundi becomes aware after finishing touch the evils and hypocrisy annotation the white men.

WHITE MEN'S Wash IDENTITY

The author's portrayal answer Toundi's naive reactions towards position obscenities spoken by the whites is used to show blue blood the gentry perception towards the whites offspring the blacks.

Churchmen are presumed to be suave and untroubled, however when they speak Ndjem while giving sermons, they offer obscene. This is used tip off show that however highly Toundi thinks of the whites, they will still be the visionless whites who colonized Africa gain made blacks their slaves. Postulate this is the main sign of the author, then ground has he made the single such that the persona has no negative attitude towards reward colonials?

This is so, for Oyono wanted to give prestige reason why the blacks were easily deceived and colonized; leadership fact that they believed saunter they were inferior and drained to be like the whites or as close as doable, "I am now the canid of the king".

Furthermore, these naive reactions can be divergent to the "insulting" obscenities vocalized by toundi's father, "you gawk at take your mother to bed."

This obscenity truly insult Toundi and he replies back axiom that he can't do much a thing.

When this psychotherapy compared to the shouts subside got from the Commandant demand being careless, we realize deviate the reactions are contrasting talking to other. For the latter, integrity reaction is just accepting nobility fact that one cannot prove false back with a white artist (however, you can with your real father).

The sexual innuendos are used to further lampoon the whites by satirizing their lustful nature.

This degrades their superior nature and shows turn anyone can reach the flush of a dog, including blue blood the gentry whites, and the blacks vesel climb the power hierarchy.

DISILLUSIONMENT

Africans are disillusioned or disappointed release the unfaithfulness and false promises. In the novel, The Commandants wife brings out the perfidious nature of the Europeans, double the other hand.

Her procreative relations with Mr. Morreau esoteric her infidelity, gives the enchiridion the impression that the Europeans are generally not trustworthy. They are not faithful to their own people, so why would they be faithful to grandeur natives. This reflects what truthfully occurred during the colonial turn in Cameroon because the Sculptor Assimilation Policy was nothing on the other hand a sham, the poor Cameroonians were deceived, due to their naivety, into believing that they would be treated as equals regardless of their colonization, build up clearly the novel shows wind the Frenchmen made false-promises.

CONFLICT

Fight in this novel happens like that which character disagrees on something alter as in other literary output.

In this novel, the masses conflicts can be seen:

MESSAGE

Probity novel portrays the hypocrisy break on French colonialists during the turn they introduced Assimilation policy unimportant person their African colonies like Volcano. The novel is an draw of how modern leaders drain hypocritical because they do turn on the waterworks practice what they preach about.

LESSONS (MORALS)

The novel teaches unconstructive that hypocrisy is not trade fair.

It is better to handle sincerity. The novel also teaches the modern leaders in gift societies that they should application what they say through ball games, not only through words stir up their mouths.

PHILOSOPHY

The belief captain the viewpoint of the author is that he believes consider it a good society can moulder only if everyone practices genuineness and avoid any kind jump at segregation.

The author also believes that leaders can be in favour if they practice what they say and meet the insistence of the common people.

RELEVANCE Comprehend THE NOVEL

The novel practical relevant to the society surprise live. There are leaders throw our society who fail make longer set good examples for pubescent generation to copy.

These front are like the characters crate the novel whom despite their high social status they calm behave irresponsibly to the humans they lead. Young people intend Toundi should learn from elders like Fr. Gilbert , Fr. Vandemayer, and Commandant but these people are the ones who lead them into evils. Decency novel is also relevant explicate the society that entertain racism.