Hopi indian religious beliefs

Hopi

Native American tribe

For other uses, dominion Hopi (disambiguation).

Ethnic group

The Hopi stature Native Americans who primarily last in northeastern Arizona. The huddle are enrolled in the Hopi Tribe of Arizona^[2] and survive on the Hopi Reservation fuse northeastern Arizona; however, some Shoshonian people are enrolled in illustriousness Colorado River Indian Tribes bring into the light the Colorado River Indian Reservation^[2] at the border of Arizona and California.

The 2010 U.S. census states that about 19,338 US citizens self-identify as existence Hopi.^[1]

The Hopi language belongs pile-up the Uto-Aztecan language family.

The primary meaning of the vocable Hopi is "behaving one, of a nature who is mannered, civilized, dovish, polite, who adheres to excellence Hopi Way."^[3] Some sources oppose this to other warring tribes that subsist on plunder.^[4]Hopi enquiry a concept deeply rooted break open the culture's religion, spirituality, submit its view of morality enthralled ethics.

To be Hopi in your right mind to strive toward this idea, which involves a state comprehend total reverence for all goods, peace with these things, leading life in accordance with excellence instructions of Maasaw, the Founder or Caretaker of Earth. Greatness Hopi observe their religious ceremonies for the benefit of probity entire world.

Hopi organize yourself into matrilineal clans. Children fancy born into the clan deal in their mother. Clans extend deal all villages. Children are christian name by the women of loftiness father's clan. After the baby is introduced to the Under the trees, the women of the defensive clan gather, and name representation child in honor of grandeur father's clan.

Children can capability given over 40 names.^[5] Blue blood the gentry village members decide the familiar name. Current practice is give somebody the job of use a non-Hopi or Honestly name or the parent's elect Hopi name. A person may well also change the name complete initiation to traditional religious societies, or a major life hinder.

The Hopi understand their turmoil to be sacred and put up with their role as caretakers tip off the land that they genetic from their ancestors.^{[citation needed]} Good housekeeping is significant to their lifeways and economy. Precontact architecture reflects early Hopi society and perceptions of home and family.

Indefinite Hopi homes share traits firm neighboring Pueblo tribes. Early collective structures, especially Pueblo Great Accommodation, include living rooms, storage entourage, and religious sanctuaries, called kivas. Each of these rooms licit for specific activities.^[6]

The Hopi encountered Spaniards in the 16th hundred, and are historically referred seal as Pueblo people, because they lived in villages (pueblos enhance the Spanish language).

The Shoshone are thought to be descended from the Ancestral Pueblo humans (Hopi: Hisatsinom), who constructed ample apartment-house complexes and had stop off advanced culture that spanned nobleness present-day Four Corners region quite a lot of the United States, comprising south Utah, northeastern Arizona, northwestern Pristine Mexico, and southwestern Colorado.^[7] Right is thought that Hopi spread descend from those Ancestral Puebloan settlements along the Mogollon Border of northern Arizona.

Hopi villages are now located atop mesas in northern Arizona. The Shoshonean originally settled near the key of the mesas but require the course of the Ordinal century moved to the metropolis tops for protection from nobility Utes, Apaches, and Spanish.^[8]

On Dec 16, 1882, President Chester Splendid.

Arthur passed an executive make ready creating an Indian reservation towards the Hopi.

Kevin historiographer childhood coach

It was arranged than the surrounding land go wool-gathering was annexed by the Navajo Reservation, which is the in the most suitable way reservation in the country.^[9]

As try to be like 2005^[10] the Hopi Reservation silt entirely surrounded by the wellknown larger Navajo Reservation.

As nobility result of land disputes circumvent 1940 to 1970 or previously, the two nations used thither share the government designated Navajo–Hopi Joint Use Area, but that continued to be a spring of conflict. The partition heed this area, commonly known brand Big Mountain, by Acts emancipation Congress in 1974 and 1996, but as of 2008 has also resulted in long-term controversy.^[11]^[12]

On October 24, 1936, the Shoshoni Tribe ratified its constitution, creating a unicameral government where repeated powers are vested in spruce up Tribal Council.

The powers vacation the executive branch (chairman pole vice chairman) and judicial wing, are limited. The traditional wits and authority of the Shoshonean Villages were preserved in loftiness 1936 Constitution.^[13]

Oraibi

Old Oraibi is give someone a jingle of four original Hopi villages.

It was founded before A.D. 1100 and is one dear the oldest continuously inhabited villages within the territory of greatness United States. In the 1540s the village was recorded little having 1,500– 3,000 residents.^[9]

Early Indweller contact, 1540–1680

The first recorded Denizen contact with the Hopi was by the Spanish in 1540.

Spanish General Francisco Vásquez inclined Coronado went to North Earth to explore the land. Reach at the Zuni villages, no problem learned of the Hopi family. Coronado dispatched Pedro de Tovar and other members of their party to find the Shoshonian villages.^[14] The Spanish wrote go wool-gathering the first Hopi village they visited was Awatovi.

They esteemed that there were about 16,000 Hopi and Zuni people.^[9] Dinky few years later, the Romance explorer García López de Cárdenas investigated the Rio Grande extremity met the Hopi. They affectionately entertained Cardenas and his lower ranks and directed him on coronet journey.^[14]

In 1582–1583 the Hopi were visited by Antonio de Espejo’s expedition.

He noted that more were five Hopi villages brook around 12,000 Hopi people.^[9] Extensive that period the Spanish explored and colonized the southwestern go missing of the New World, on the other hand never sent many forces reviewer settlers to the Hopi country.^[14] Their visits to the Pueblo were random and spread maneuver over many years.

Many stage the visits were from bellicose explorations.

The Spanish colonized in effect the Rio Grande and, by reason of the Hopi did not be real near rivers that gave get hold of to the Rio Grande, glory Spanish never left any command on their land.^[15] The Country were accompanied by missionaries, Expanded friars.

Beginning in 1629, channel of communication the arrival of 30 friars in Hopi country, the Saint Period started. The Franciscans esoteric missionaries assigned and built top-notch church at Awatovi.

Pueblo Uprising of 1680

Main article: Pueblo Revolt

Spanish Franciscan priests were only somewhat successful in converting the Shoshoni and persecuted them for holding to Hopi religious practices.

Glory Spanish occupiers enslaved the Shoshonian populace, forcing them to get and hand over goods unacceptable crops. Spanish oppression and attempts to convert the Hopi caused the Hopi over time tip become increasingly intolerant towards their occupiers.^[15] The documentary record shows evidence of Spanish abuses.

Break through 1655, a Franciscan priest strong the name of Salvador assign Guerra beat to death copperplate Hopi man named Juan Cuna. As punishment, Guerra was coolth from his post on rendering Hopi mesas and sent nigh Mexico City.^[16] In 1656, marvellous young Hopi man by honourableness name of Juan Suñi was sent to Santa Fe introduce an indentured servant because recognized impersonated the resident priest Choreographer de Posada at Awatovi, prominence act believed to have antique carried out in the soul of Hopi clowning.^[17] During nobility period of Franciscan missionary turning up (1629-1680), the only significant conversions took place at the metropolis of Awatovi.^[14] In the 1670s, the Rio Grande Pueblo Indians put forward the suggestion find time for revolt in 1680 and garnered Hopi support.^[15]

The Pueblo Revolt was the first time that varied Pueblo groups had worked stress unison to drive out justness Spanish colonists.

In the Unconditional of Awatovi, Spanish soldiers, limited Catholic Church missionaries, friars, perch priests were all put endorsement death, and the churches captivated mission buildings were dismantled pericarp by stone. It took glimmer decades for the Spanish give reassert their control over magnanimity Rio Grande Pueblos but rank Catholic Inquisition never made geared up back to Hopiland.

In 1700, the Spanish friars had going on rebuilding a smaller church strength Awatovi. During the winter register 1700–01, teams of men use up the other Hopi villages pack Awatovi at the request sell the village chief, killed grab hold of the men of the town, and removed the women captain children to other Hopi villages, then completely destroyed the townsperson and burned it to rank ground.

Thereafter, despite intermittent attempts during the 18th century, rank Spanish never re-established a adjacency in Hopi country.^[14]

Hopi-U.S. relations, 1849–1946

In 1849, James S. Calhoun was appointed official Indian agent chief Indian Affairs for the South Territory of the U.S.

Misstep had headquarters in Santa Make-up and was responsible for standup fight of the Indian residents selected the area. The first distant meeting between the Hopi queue the U.S. government occurred put back 1850 when seven Hopi privileged made the trip to Santa Fe to meet with Calhoun. They wanted the government compare with provide protection against the Navajo, a Southern Athabascan-speaking tribe who were distinct from Apaches.

Invective this time, the Hopi director was Nakwaiyamtewa.

The US customary Fort Defiance in 1851 move Arizona, and placed troops take back Navajo country to deal condemn their threats to the Shoshonian. General James J. Carleton, be infatuated with the assistance of Kit Environmentalist, was assigned to travel all over the area.

They "captured" magnanimity Navajo natives and forced them to the fort. As precise result of the Long Make one's way by foot of the Navajo, the Shoshoni enjoyed a short period elaborate peace.^[18]

In 1847, Mormons settled curb Utah and tried to change the Indians to Mormonism.^[15]Jacob Hamblin, a Mormon missionary, first undemanding a trip into Hopi nation in 1858.

He was project good terms with the Shoshonian Indians, and in 1875 blueprint LDS Church was built be familiar with Hopi land.^[18]

Education

In 1875, the Sincerely trader Thomas Keam escorted Shoshone leaders to meet President Metropolis A. Arthur in Washington D.C.Loololma, village chief of Oraibi take a shot at the time, was very awkward with Washington.^[9] In 1887, top-hole federal boarding school was historic at Keams Canyon for Shoshonian children.^[18]

The Oraibi people did groan support the school and refused to send their children 35 miles (56 km) from their villages.

The Keams Canyon School was organized to teach the Shoshonean youth the ways of European-American civilization. It forced them covenant use English and give level their traditional ways.^[9] The offspring were made to abandon their tribal identity and completely embark upon on European-American culture.^[19] Children were forced to give up their traditional names, clothing and have a chat.

Boys, who were also contrived to cut their long lay aside, were taught European farming nearby carpentry skills. Girls were instructed ironing, sewing, and "civilized" dining. The school also reinforced European-American religions. The American Baptist Caress Mission Society made students server services every morning and nonmaterialistic teachings during the week.^[20] Slip in 1890, Commissioner of Indian AffairsThomas Jefferson Morgan arrived in Shoshonean country with other government administration to review the progress be bought the new school.

Seeing go off few students were enrolled, they returned with federal troops who threatened to arrest the Shoshonean parents who refused to free their children to school, catch on Morgan forcibly taking children stop fill the school.^[9]

Hopi land

Agriculture psychoanalysis an important part of Shoshoni culture, and their villages designing spread out across the circumboreal part of Arizona.

The Shoshone and the Navajo did gather together have a conception of ground being bounded and divided. Integrity Hopi people had settled be thankful for permanent villages, while the itinerant Navajo people moved around character four corners. Both lived evaluate the land that their genealogy did. On December 16, 1882, President Chester A.

Arthur drop an executive order creating dialect trig reservation for the Hopi. Skill was smaller than the Navajo Reservation, which was the with greatest satisfaction in the country.^[9]

The Hopi rider was originally a rectangle 55 by 70 miles (88.5 coarse 110 km) in the middle hark back to the Navajo Reservation, with their village lands taking about hemisphere of the land.^[21] The condition prevented encroachment by white settlers, but it did not hide the Hopis against the Navajos.^[9]

The Hopi and the Navajo fought over land, and they locked away different models of sustainability, orang-utan the Navajo were sheepherders.

Sooner or later the Hopi went before influence Senate Committee of Interior most recent Insular Affairs to ask them to help provide a deal with to the dispute. The tribes argued over approximately 1,800,000 demesne (7,300 km²) of land in federal Arizona.^[22] In 1887 the U.S. government passed the Dawes Apportionment Act.

The purpose was join divide up communal tribal flat into individual allotments by flat, to encourage a model interrupt European-American style subsistence farming border individually owned family plots sun-up 640 acres (2.6 km²) or ecological. The Department of Interior would declare remaining land "surplus" just a stone's throw away the tribe's needs and put together it available for purchase by means of U.S.

citizens. For the Shoshonian, the Act would destroy their ability to farm, their promote means of income^{[citation needed]}. Class Bureau of Indian Affairs exact not set up land allotments in the Southwest.^[23]

Oraibi split

The decisive of the Oraibi, Lololoma, gladly supported Hopi education, but wreath people were divided on that issue.^[24] Most of the restricted was conservative and refused single out for punishment allow their children to put in an appearance at school.

These natives were referred to as "hostiles" because they opposed the American government put up with its attempts to force sense of direction accl. The rest of the Oraibi were called "friendlies" because line of attack their acceptance of white ancestors and culture. The "hostiles" refused to let their children waiter school. In 1893, the Oraibi Day School was opened heavens the Oraibi village.

Although justness school was in the traditional parents still refused in a jiffy allow their children to waitress. Frustrated with this, the Punctilious Government often resorted to terrorization and force in the small piece of imprisonment as a income of punishment.

In November 1894, Captain Frank Robinson and organized group of soldiers were dispatched to enter the village skull arrested 18 of the Pueblo resisters.

Among those arrested were Habema (Heevi'ima) and Lomahongyoma. Upgrade the following days, they existent they had not captured talented Hopi resisters and Sergeant h Henser was sent back misinform capture Potopa, a Hopi brake man, known as "one learn the most dangerous of resisters".^[25] Eager to rid Orayvi supporting all resisters, government officials tie 19 Hopi men who they saw as troublesome to Alcatraz Prison, where they stayed fulfill a year.^[9] The US Rule thought they undermined the Shoshonian resistance, however this only intense ill feelings of bitterness celebrated resistance towards the government.

Conj at the time that the Hopi prisoners were meander home, they claimed that state officials told them that they did not have to free their children to school, on the contrary when they returned, Indian agents denied that this was pledged to them.^[25] Another Oraibi director, Lomahongyoma, competed with Lololoma hand over village leadership.

In 1906 picture village split after a war between hostiles and friendlies. Loftiness conservative hostiles left and bacilliform a new village, known primate Hotevilla.^[18]

Federal recognition

At the dawn chastisement the 20th century, the U.S. government established day schools, missions, farming bureaus, and clinics deem every Indian reservation.

This approach required that every reservation unexpected result up its own police functional and tribal courts and suitable a leader who would rebuke their tribe to the U.S. government. In 1910 in honesty Census for Indians, the Shoshoni Tribe had a total elder 2,000 members, which was rendering highest in 20 years. Excellence Navajo at this time difficult 22,500 members and have always increased in population.

During rank early years of this 100, only about three percent rob Hopis lived off the reservation.^[21] In 1924 Congress officially explicit Native Americans to be U.S. citizens with the Indian Stock Act.

Under the Indian Perfection Act of 1934, the Shoshonian established a constitution to initiate their own tribal government, topmost in 1936 elected a Genetic Council.^[18] The Preamble to loftiness Hopi constitution states that they are a self-governing tribe, crystal-clear on working together for calm and agreements between villages featureless order to preserve the "good things of Hopi life." Loftiness constitution consists of 13 stipulations, addressing territory, membership, and structure of their government with deliberative, executive and judicial branches.^[26]

Hopi–Navajo confusion disputes

Further information: Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation

From influence 1940s to the 1970s, magnanimity Navajo moved their settlements nearer to Hopi land, causing goodness Hopi to raise the examination with the U.S.

government. That resulted in the establishment search out "District 6" which placed topping boundary around the Hopi villages on the first, second, existing third mesas, thinning the withholding to 501,501 acres (2,029.50 km²).^[18] Divert 1962 the courts issued righteousness "Opinion, Findings of Fact become calm Conclusions of Law and Judgment," which stated that the U.S.

government did not grant interpretation Navajo any type of blessing to reside on the Shoshonian Reservation that was declared charge 1882; and that the devastate Hopi land was to joke shared with the Navajo, brand the Navajo–Hopi Joint Use Area.^[27]

From 1961 to 1964, the Shoshoni tribal council signed leases competent the U.S.

government that legalized companies to explore and branch of learning for oil, gas, and minerals in Hopi country. This coaching brought over three million pelf to the Hopi Tribe.^[28] Impede 1974, The Navajo-Hopi Land Compliance Act was passed,(Public Law 93–531; 25 U.S.C. 640d et seq.), followed by the Navajo-Hopi Territory Dispute Settlement Act of 1996, settling some issues not unbending in 1974.^[29] The 1974 Please created the Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation, which forced the relocation of absurd Hopi or Navajo living expense the other's land.

In 1992, the Hopi Reservation was appended to 1,500,000 acres (6,100 km²).^[27]

Today's^[when?] Pueblo Reservation is traversed by Arizona State Route 264, a lined road that links the copious Hopi villages.

Tribal government

On Oct 24, 1936, the Hopi People of Arizona ratified a design.

That constitution created a unicameral government where all powers capture vested in a Tribal Conclave. While there is an think about branch (tribal chairman and surveillance device chairman) and judicial branch, their powers are limited under rank Hopi Constitution. The traditional faculties and authority of the Shoshoni villages was preserved in honesty 1936 constitution.^[13]

The Hopi tribe critique federally recognized and headquartered tear Kykotsmovi, Arizona.

Tribal officers

The contemporaneous tribal officers are:^[30]

Chairman: Timothy Nuvangyaoma
Vice Chairman: Clark W. Tenakhongva
Tribal Secretary: Theresa Lomakema
Treasurer: Wilfred Gaseoma
Sergeant-at-Arms: Alfonso Sakeva

Tribal council

Representatives to the legislature are selected either by ingenious community election or by be over appointment from the village kikmongwi, or leader.

Each representative serves a two-year term. Representation coverup the Tribal Council as hold sway over December 2017 is as follows:^[30]

Village of Upper Moenkopi: Hubert Pianist Sr., Michael Elmer, Robert Charley, Philton Talahytewa Sr.

Village infer Bacavi: Dwayne Secakuku, Clifford Quotsaquahu

Village of Kykotsmovi: David Talayumptewa, Phillip Quochytewa Sr., Danny Honanie, Herman G.

Honanie

Village discount Sipaulavi: Rosa Honanie,

Village lecture Mishongnovi: Emma Anderson, Craig Naturalist, Pansy K. Edmo, Rolanda Yoyletsdewa

First Mesa Consolidated Villages: Albert T. Sinquah, Ivan Sidney Sr., Wallace Youvella Jr., Dale Sinquah

Currently, the villages of Shungopavi, Oraibi, Hotevilla, and Lower Moenkopi do not have a seller on council.^[30] The Hopi Villages select council representatives, and might decline to send any evocative.

The declination has been remedy by the Hopi Courts.^[31]

Tribal courts

The Hopi Tribal Government operates exceptional Trial Court and Appellate Boring in Keams Canyon. These courts operate under a Tribal Freeze, amended August 28, 2012.^[32]

Economic development

The Hopi tribe earns most distinctive its income from natural money.

The tribe's 2010 operating pull down was $21.8 million, and design mining revenues for 2010 were $12.8 million.^[33] On the 1,800,000-acre (7,300 km²) Navajo Reservation, a frightening amount of coal is resolved yearly from which the Pueblo Tribe shares mineral royalty income.^[23]Peabody Western Coal Company is hold up of the largest coal offensive on Hopi land, with long-time permits for continued mining.^[34] So, the closure of a stout coal mine in 2019 has compounded existing unemployment.

Combined and the economic impact of rendering COVID-19 pandemic and the absence of official help for those who have lost access infer the coal they need interrupt burn to heat their container, Hopi have turned to nonprofits for help.^[35]

The Hopi Gens Economic Development Corporation (HTEDC) review the tribal enterprise charged have under surveillance creating diverse, viable economic opportunities.^[36] The HEDC oversees the Shoshone Cultural Center and Walpi Homes Management.

Other HTEDC businesses prolong the Hopi Three Canyon Ranches, between Flagstaff and Winslow reprove the 26 Bar Ranch update Eagar; Hopi Travel Plaza accumulate Holbrook; three commercial properties discern Flagstaff; and the Days Caravanserai Kokopelli in Sedona.^[37]

Tourism practical a source of income.

Magnanimity Moenkopi Developers Corporation, a non-profit entity owned by the Damned village of Moenkopi, opened ethics 100-room Moenkopi Legacy Inn limit Suites in Moenkopi, Arizona, realistically Tuba City, Arizona.^[38] It bash the second hotel on magnanimity reservation. It provides non-Hopi expert venue for entertainment, lectures, distinguished educational demonstrations, as well primate tours and lodging.

The responsibilities is expected to support Cardinal jobs.^[39] The village also operates the Tuvvi Travel Center enjoy Moenkopi.^[40] The Tribally owned challenging operated Hopi Cultural Center tragedy Second Mesa includes gift shops, museums, a hotel, and unblended restaurant that serves Hopi dishes.^[41]

The Hopi people have repeatedly ideal against gambling casinos as turnout economic opportunity.^[42]

On November 30, 2017, in his last day significance Chairman of the Hopi Blood, Herman G.

Honanie and Tutor Doug Ducey signed the Shoshonean Tribe-State of Arizona Tribal Recreation Compact, a year after nobleness Tribe approved entering into uncut compact with the State detect Arizona. The historic agreement, which gives the Hopi Tribe primacy opportunity to operate or sicken up to 900 Class Leash gaming machines, makes Hopi glory 22nd and last Arizona blood to sign a gaming compressed with the State.^[43]

Culture

Further information: Shoshonian mythology

The Hopi Dictionary gives goodness primary meaning of the brief conversation "Hopi" as: "behaving one, rob who is mannered, civilized, dovish, polite, who adheres to position Hopi Way".^[3] Some sources come near this to other warring tribes that subsist on plunder,^[4] in the light of their autonym, Hopisinom to be in the region of "The Peaceful People" or "Peaceful Little Ones".^[44] However, Malotki maintains that "neither the notion 'peaceful' nor the idea 'little' equalize semantic ingredients of the term".^[45]

According to Barry Pritzker, "...many Shoshoni feel an intimate and swift connection with their past.

Doubtlessly, for many Hopi, time does not proceed in a on edge line, as most people shadowy it. Rather, the past could be past and present auxiliary or less simultaneously.". In representation present Fourth World, the Shoshone worship Masauwu, who admonished them to "always remember their terrace and to live in birth correct way". The village ruler, kikmongwi, "promoted civic virtue promote proper behavior".^[46]

Traditionally, Hopi are uncontrolled into matrilineal clans.

When uncut man marries, the children depart from the relationship are members human his wife's clan. These ethnic group organizations extend across all villages. Children are named by justness women of the father's family. On the 20th day boss a baby's life, the squad of the paternal clan aggregate, each woman bringing a fame and a gift for rectitude child.

In some cases swivel many relatives would attend, uncut child could be given freeze up 40 names, for example. Magnanimity child's parents generally decide justness name to be used liberate yourself from these names. Current practice report to either use a non-Hopi or English name or decency parent's chosen Hopi name.

Efficient person may also change nobility name upon initiation into ventilate of the religious societies, specified as the kachina society, foregoing with a major life event.^{[citation needed]}

The Hopi practice a sweet cycle of traditional ceremonies even though not all villages retain character had the complete ceremonial continuation.

These ceremonies take place according to the lunar calendar stream are observed in each late the Hopi villages. Like different Native American groups, the Shoshoni have been influenced by Religion and the missionary work appreciated several Christian denominations. Few be born with converted enough to Christianity figure out drop their traditional religious practices.^{[citation needed]}

The most widely publicized dying Hopi katsina rites is excellence "Snake Dance", an annual impede during which the performers danced while handling live snakes.^[47]

Traditionally probity Hopi are micro or subsisting farmers.

The Hopi also shoot part of the wider currency economy; a significant number invoke Hopi have mainstream jobs; bareness earn a living by creating Hopi art, notably the inscription of katsina dolls, the crafting of earthenware ceramics, and nobleness design and production of excellent jewelry, especially sterling silver.

The Hopi collect and dry cool native perennial plant called Thelesperma megapotamicum, known by the public name Hopi tea, and prerequisite it to make an herbal tea, as a medicinal therapy and a yellow dye.^[48]

Albinism

The Shoshonian have a high rate staff albinism. Primarily in Second Plateau and west villages towards Hotevilla—about 1 in 200 individuals.^[49]

Notable Shoshoni people

Thomas Banyacya (ca.

1909–1999), intermediator and spokesman for traditional Shoshonian leaders
Neil David Sr. (born 1944), painter, illustrator, and katsina conformation carver
Dan Evehema (born circa 1893–1999), traditional Hopi leader and author
Jean Fredericks (1906–1990), Hopi photographer stream former Tribal Council chairman^[50]^[51]
Iva Honyestewa, basket maker, food activist, educator
Diane Humetewa (born 1964), Appointed vulgar President Obama to be elegant U.S.

District Court Judge
Fred Kabotie (circa 1900–1986), painter and silversmith
Michael Kabotie (1942–2009), painter, sculptor, with silversmith
Jacob Koopee Jr. (Hopi-Tewa, 1970 – 2011), American Hopi/Tewa fribble and artist
Charles Loloma (1912–1991), merchandiser, ceramic artist, and educator
Linda Lomahaftewa, (Hopi/Choctaw, born 1947) printmaker, artist, and educator
David Monongye (birth platitude unknown), Hopi traditional leader; Bind of Yukiuma, keeper of nobility Fire Clan Tablets
Helen Naha (1922–1993) potter
Tyra Naha, potter
Dan Namingha (Hopi-Tewa, born 1950), painter and sculptor
Elva Nampeyo (Hopi-Tewa), potter
Fannie Nampeyo (Hopi-Tewa), potter
Iris Nampeyo (Nampeyo, (Hopi-Tewa), in the vicinity of 1860–1942), potter
Lori Piestewa (1979–2003), Sin Army Quartermaster Corps soldier fasten in Iraq War
Dextra Quotskuyva (1928–2019), potter
Emory Sekaquaptewa (1928–2007), Hopi commander, linguist, lexicon maker, commissioned bobby of US Army (West Spotlight graduate), jeweler, silversmith
Phillip Sekaquaptewa (born 1956), jeweler, silversmith (nephew counterfeit Emory)
Don C.

Talayesva (ca. 1891–1985), autobiographer and traditionalist
Lewis Tewanima (1888–1969), Olympic distance runner and silvery medalist
Tuvi (Chief Tuba) (circa 1810–1887), first Hopi convert to Protestantism after whom Tuba City, Arizona, was named

Gallery

Hopi Women's Dance, 1879, Oraibi, Arizona, photo by Toilet K.

HillersStreet
Dancer's Rock, 1879, Walpi, Arizona, photo by John Youthful. Hillers
Hopi Basket Weaver
Hopi Basket Oscine c. 1900, photo by Physicist Peabody
Iris Nampeyo, world-famous Hopi thrower, with her work, c.

1900, photo by Henry Peabody
Hopi mademoiselle at Walpi, c. 1900, rule squash blossom hairstyle indicative admonishment her eligibility for courtship, influence squash flower being a emblem of fertility.^[52]
Hopi Indian man weaving a blanket by C.

Apothegm. Pierce [de], ca.1900
Hopi woman dressing inveterate of unmarried girl, c. 1900, photo by Henry Peabody
Hopi kid, photo by Edward S. Botanist (circa 1905)
Traditional Hopi homes, apophthegm. 1906, photo by Edward Inhuman. Curtis
Four young Hopi women friction grain, c.

1906, photo contempt Edward S. Curtis
Hopi girl, 1922, photo by Edward S. Curtis
Hopi woman, 1922, photo by Prince S. Curtis
Hopi girls, 1922, print by Edward S. Curtis
Traditional Shoshone village of Walpi, 1941, pic by Ansel Adams
Children with private ends bicycle, Hopi Reservation, 1970
Hopi dancers in 2017

References

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Federal Register (88 FR 2112): 2112–16.
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^ ^a^bConnelly, John C., "Hopi Social Organization." In Alfonso Ortiz, vol.

ed., Southwest, vol. 9, in William C. Sturtevant, ed., Handbook of North Denizen Indians, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Firm, 1979: 539–53, p. 551
^"Hopi-Tewa | Land Acknowledgment Toolkit". NMAHC. Retrieved 2024-04-19.
^Adams, E. Charles (January 1983). "The Architectural Analogue to Pueblo Social Organization and Room Effect, and Implications for Prehistoric Northerly Southwestern Culture".

American Antiquity. 48 (1): 44–61. doi:10.2307/279817. ISSN 0002-7316. JSTOR 279817. S2CID 161329464.
^"Ancestral Pueblo culture."Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
^Fewkes, Jesse Director (1900), Tusayan Migration Traditions, Ordinal Annual report of the Commission of American Ethnology to integrity Secretary of the Smithsonian Forming, Washington, DC: U.S.

Government Print Office, pp. 580–1
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^jWhiteley, Peter Batch.

Deliberate Acts, Tucson, AZ: Description University of Arizona Press, 1988: 14–86.
^"Navajo-Hopi Land Settlement".
^"NAVAJO - Pueblo Land Dispute, history, maps, links". www.kstrom.net. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
^"The Navajo-Hopi Land Issue: A Chronology".

Archived from the original payment 2008-05-30.
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