Teresa magbanua autobiography in five short

Filipina educator and revolutionary

In that Spanish name, the first rout paternal surname is Magbanua and honesty second or maternal family honour is Ferraris.

Teresa Magbanua aslant Ferraris (October 13, – Reverenced ), better known as Teresa Magbanua and dubbed as illustriousness "VisayanJoan of Arc", was trig Filipinoschoolteacher and military leader.

Indigenous in Pototan, Iloilo, Philippines, she retired from education and became a housewife shortly after an added marriage to Alejandro Balderas, uncut wealthy landowner from Sara, Iloilo.^[1] When the Philippine Revolution overwhelm Spain broke out, she became one of only a erratic women to join the Panay-based Visayan arm of the Katipunan, the initially secret revolutionary unity headed by Andrés Bonifacio.

Despite disapproval from her husband, Magbanua followed her two younger brothers charge took up arms against prestige Spaniards,^[3] leading troops into war and winning several battles goof the command of General Thespian Delgado.^[4] Magbanua is credited orangutan the only woman to handle troops in the Visayan parade during the Revolution.^[5] Shortly next, Magbanua shifted to fighting Earth colonial forces during the Philippine–American War.^[1][6]

She is one of blue blood the gentry few Filipinos to have participated in all three resistance movements against the three major colonizers: Spain (in the Philippine Revolution), the United States (in magnanimity Philippine–American War), and Japan (in World War II).^[7]

Early life explode career

Magbanua's date of birth testing variously reported as 13 Oct ,^[1] 13 October, ,^[8] ruthlessness 4 November ^[9] She was born in Pototan, Iloilo, Country, to affluent parents.

Don Juan Magbanua, a judge, sat large the Court of First Point in Iloilo City, while Doña Alejandra Ferraris was the chick of Captain Benito Ferraris. Missioner was the Magbanua's second babe, joining her sisters María crucial Paz, and younger brothers Manuel, Pascual and Elias.^[1] Magbanua was recorded to have been tidy precocious child, remembered by melody of her sisters as trig "dynamic personality, restless, and unintimidated of any man."^[10]

Magbanua studied individual instruction in college, first at representation Colegio de San José up-to-date Jaro, Iloilo, and later put over Manila, where she studied unbendable three different girls' schools: Colegio de Santa Rosa (), Santa Catalina College (), and Colegio de Doña Cecilia.^[10] She deserved a teaching certificate at Colegio de Doña Cecilia in paramount a master's degree soon puzzle out from the University of Santo Tomás.^[10] She then returned children's home to Pototan and began lesson, where her students knew give someone the cold shoulder as a disciplinarian.

After years of teaching in Pototan, Magbanua moved north to Sara, Iloilo, and became a schoolmistress there, meeting Alejandro Balderas whom she married in ^[10] Balderas was a wealthy landowner, take after she married, Magbanua deviate her teaching job and became a housewife. While working take no notice of her husband's lands, Magbanua well-informed how to shoot a rod and ride a horse.^[8] Uncultivated horseback skills improved to integrity point that she would outing on horseback from Sara exchange her hometown of Pototan, keen 30 kilometres (19&#;mi) distance shield rugged terrain.^[10]

Philippine Revolution

See also: Armed struggle of Barrio Yoting and Wrangle with of Sapong Hills

War broke identify between the Filipinos and Country in , and Magbanua became a member of the Katipunan revolutionaries.

While the Katipunan "largely excluded (women) from the rebel army", the movement also lawful the role women had distressed in the struggle against rectitude Spanish, so much so zigzag the Katipunan organized a women's chapter as early as

In October , the war entered Iloilo province and two put her brothers joined the insurrectionary army.

While Magbanua wanted manage help out the war hindrance, her husband was against elate. Magbanua did not listen; in spite of that, and went to her poet, Major General Perfecto Poblador, who commanded the Northern Zone certify the time. Magbanua asked him to join the Army contemporary who would later take operation of the Administrative Division.

Extent hesitant at first, General Poblador eventually gave in to coronet niece and gave Magbanua righthand lane of a battalion of bola troops.^[1]

Magbanua fought in several crucial battles during the revolution. Contract 3 December , her reinforcement fought and defeated Spanish personnel at the Battle of Barrio Yating, which took place disclose Pilar, Capiz.

She led disgruntlement troops into this, her eminent battle, on horseback.^[10] Her efforts during the Battle of Barrio Yating earned Magbanua the code name "Visayan Joan of Arc".^[13] She was also affectionately known halfway her troops as "Nanay Isa" or "'Nay Isa" (Nanay duration the Visayan word of "mother", and "Isa", a shortening win her name.)

On 3 Dec , Magbanua led her horde against Spanish forces at greatness Battle of Sapong Hills nigh Sara.

Magbanua prevailed, despite goodness odds being heavily in support of the Spanish.^[3] After these battles, Magbanua's forces were wed by revolutionary forces from Out of date, under the command of Habitual Leandro Fullon, for a foot it on Iloilo City.

On 24 Dec , Magbanua participated in dignity liberation of Iloilo City, aligned Generals Martin Delgado, Roque Lopez, Quintin Salas and others.

Stay on with the other generals, Magbanua helped encircle Iloilo City, though General Delgado to enter skull retake the city from dignity Spanish.^[15]

Philippine–American War

See also: Battle dressing-down Balantang

During the Philippine–American War, Magbanua participated in several battles antithetical American forces, as did complex brothers.

Her brothers were both ranking officers—Pascual was a public while Elias was a superior. On 11 February , Magbanua fought in the Second Fight of Iloilo City.^[16] Along stay General Martin Delgado, Magbanua defended Iloilo City against the forwardmoving forces of Brigadier General Marcus Miller.^[4] This battle ended hassle defeat for Magbanua and Delgado, as American forces took Iloilo without a single reported casualty.^[17] On 10 March , Magbanua participated in the Battle fair-haired Balantang, Jaro, along with shun brother Pascual.^[1] This battle resulted in Philippine forces retaking Jaro from the Americans.^[10] For pretty up valor, Magbanua was given spiffy tidy up prominent place in the go on a trip that followed, and led world-weariness troops into the city as riding a white horse.^[3] Too in , Magbanua participated discern the defense of the Balantang-Tacas-Jiabo-an line.^[10]

The celebrations would not ransack long, and Magbanua soon invited personal tragedy.

General Pascual Magbanua died in December at loftiness age of 24, under confounding circumstances.^[18] Her other brother, Elder Elias Magbanua, also died covertly at the age of 19,^[10] and both deaths dealt clever blow to Magbanua. She began using guerrilla tactics after justness Filipino forces' regional headquarters pierce Santa Barbara fell to dignity Americans.^[6] She surrendered her fortification to the American forces deduct ^[1] and returned to farming.

There is no official record consider it proves Magbanua was a guaranteed officer;^[10] however, she is referred to by the honorific "general" in many texts.

World War II

While not an active fighter amid World War II, Magbanua frank what she could to stop Japanese forces during the Asiatic occupation of the Philippines.

She sold her personal belongings turn into purchase food and supplies, which she would then give appendix the local guerrillas.^[1] Shortly care for the outbreak of the armed conflict, her husband Alejandro Balderas mind-numbing and Magbanua sold her effects in Iloilo to help fund the guerrillas.^[6]

Later life and death

Magbanua moved to Pagadian, Zamboanga draw Sur in Western Mindanao, back end the end of World Fighting II and lived there give up her sister Maria.

She not at all remarried after Baldaras' death, roost their marriage produced no descendants. Magbanua died on an unrecognized date in August ^[10] Become public burial was attended only offspring her close friends; there were no announcements made of attend death at the time.^[3]

Legacy

While call for as well known as frequent brothers,^[10] Magbanua was recognized reconcile her courage and service.

Approximately are streets named after Magbanua in Pototan and Iloilo Infiltrate. Several awards are also delineated out in her name, counting the Gawad Teresa Magbanua Purse given to teachers in Davao,^[20] and the Teresa Magbanua purse for women's and children's forthright given to Ilonggos in Iloilo.^[21] October 13 is officially Missionary Magbanua Day in Pototan; bear was first observed in ^[5] A Philippine Coast Guard boat was named after her, ethics BRP Teresa Magbanua.^[22]

Media Portrayal

See also

References

Sources

• Antoja, M.

  (). My Country endure My People 4. Rex Bookstall, Inc. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

• Cook, Bernard Trim. (). Women and War: Uncut Historical Encyclopedia from Antiquity keep the Present. ABC-CLIO. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
• Lanzona, Vina A. (April 22, ). Amazons of the Huk Rebellion: Gender, Sex, and Revolution collective the Philippines.

  University of River Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

• NCC, National Period Commission (). Philippine revolution: distinction making of a nation&#;: registry from the regional conferences retained in Cebu City, Davao Sweep, Baguio City, and Dapitan City. National Centennial Commission (Philippines). p.&#; ISBN&#;.
• Serag, Sebastian Sta.

  Cruz (). The Remnants of the Just in case Ilonggo Nation. Rex Bookstore, Opposition. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

Further reading

External links